Effect of adrenalectomy and administration of hypertonic saline on the content of aldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory material and posterior lobe hormones in the median eminence and the neural lobe of rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bock ◽  
K. Detzer ◽  
A. Geiger ◽  
R.E. Lang ◽  
E. �stermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Neural Lobe ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

REGENERATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NERVE FIBRES AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE GOAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Daniel ◽  
Marjorie M. L. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Regenerating Nerve

ABSTRACT In goats kept for several months after hypophysectomy it was found that the nerve fibres of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract had regenerated. A posterior lobe-like organ had formed in the neural tissue of the median eminence just proximal to the site where the nerve tract had been severed when the pituitary gland was removed. This new, small, ectopic infundibular process was not only well innervated but also highly vascularised and it contained large amounts of neurosecretory material. Some of the regenerating nerve fibres had grown out from the nerve tract into pars tuberalis and the meninges; many of these nerve fibres carried neurosecretory material. In one goat, not hypophysectomized but with a traumatic lesion of the nerve tract in the pituitary stalk, regenerating nerve fibres had also grown down across the scar of the lesion to reinnervate the degenerate distal part of the nerve tract. Within the hypothalamus the loss of nerve cells was consistently greater in the supraoptic than in the paraventricular nuclei.

THE EFFECTS OF INGESTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE ON THE PITUITARY GLAND IN THE RAT: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PARS INTERMEDIA AND POSTERIOR LOBE

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. DUCHEN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Neurohypophysial Hormones

SUMMARY The microscopic changes occurring in the pars intermedia and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland were studied in rats given 2% sodium chloride in place of tap water for periods ranging from 1 to 21 days. In the pars intermedia small, strongly PAS-positive cells which are normally few in number became very numerous during the first few days of treatment with saline. After longer periods on saline these changes appeared to regress. Mitotic activity in the pars intermedia and posterior lobe was studied using colchicine. Mitoses were present in the pars intermedia of control rats but not in that of salt-loaded rats. In the posterior lobe mitoses were not present in control rats but were numerous in rats drinking saline, and the greatest numbers were seen after 4 days. The neurosecretory material (NSM) was lost from the posterior lobe within the first 8 days, and it is suggested that there is a relationship between the loss of NSM and mitotic activity in the posterior lobe. The significance of the changes in the pars intermedia is not apparent at present but may be related to the removal of neurohypophysial hormones.

HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL NEUROSECRETION AFTER THE EXTIRPATION OF VARIOUS ENDOCRINE GLANDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Arko ◽  
E. Kivalo ◽  
U. K. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

ABSTRACT The possible role of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in regulating the release of the anterior pituitary hormones was studied in the rabbit and the rat. Thyroidectomy, gonadectomy and uni- and bilateral adrenalectomy were the experimental conditions used. The neurosecretory material (N. S. M.) was demonstrated by the aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) technique. Distinct differences were not seen in the different groups of rabbits on account of the great variation between individuals. In the rats, the thyroidectomy and gonadectomy groups often had slightly more N. S. M. in the median eminence around the portal vessels than the controls. Slight depletion of N. S. M. in the infundibular process was observed in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats. N. S. M. passing into the portal vascular system showed a tendency to increase. In the bilateral adrenalectomy group, N. S. M. was reduced in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, in the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract and in the infundibular process. However, considerably more numerous neurosecretory nerve fibres passing towards the portal vessels than in the controls were found in the median eminence of this group. The conclusion drawn was that N. S. M. entering the hypophysial portal vessels in the median eminence may be of significance in the regulation of corticotrophin release.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETION AND THE CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (I) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kivalo ◽  
U. K. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hypothalamic Cells ◽  
The One ◽  
Hypophysial Portal ◽  
Acth Release

ABSTRACT Acute stress, chronic stress plus hydration, cortisone treatment, cortisone treatment plus dehydration were used as methods of investigation and the relation between the neurosecretory activity of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels of the median eminence on the one hand and the corticotrophin release on the other hand, has been studied in the rat. Whereas stress stimulates both the activity of the above mentioned cells of the hypothalamus and the ACTH release, stress plus hydration causes a depression of these hypothalamic cells but nevertheless causes a marked ACTH release. Cortisone inhibits the activity of the cells in the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus as well as the ACTH release whereas cortisone plus dehydration causes stimulation but inhibits the ACTH release. In some stress and cortisone treatment groups the variations of the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels and of the ACTH release were found to show a correlation. It is concluded that the activity of the cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus and the ACTH release do not seem to have any definite connection, whereas some observations indicate that the neurosecretory material in the region of the median eminence around the hypophysial portal vessels may have some significance in ACTH release.

Familial hypothalamic diabetes insipidus in rats (Brattleboro strain)

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Valtin ◽  
H. A. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Long Evans

Familial hypothalamic diabetes insipidus ( DI) has arisen as an apparently spontaneous mutation from a strain of Long-Evans hooded rats being bred for unrelated researches not involving radioactivity. The DI rats decrease water intake and urine flow, and increase urine osmolality in response to injected vasopressin. They concentrate their urines only minimally or not at all in response to dehydration, hypertonic saline, nicotine, or stress, and their serum osmolalities and sodium concentrations are significantly higher than those of normal animals. They show marked diminution of neurosecretory material in the neurohypophysis and supraoptic nucleus. The data suggest that the deficiency causing DI in these rats is a lack or dearth of synthesis of vasopressin or its carrier protein, or both.

The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
The Common

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system

THE HYPOTHALAMIC ELABORATION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY PRINCIPLES IN MAN, THE RAT AND DOG. HISTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE DERIVED FROM A PERFORMIC ACID-ALCIAN BLUE REACTION FOR CYSTINE

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. M. ADAMS ◽  
J. C. SLOPER
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Histochemical Evidence ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Blue Reaction

SUMMARY 1. A histochemical technique has been devised which demonstrates cystine or cysteine in paraffin sections. 2. This depends on the oxidation of these substances with performic acid and the demonstration of the resultant cysteic acid with a basic dye, Alcian blue 8GS, at pH 0·2. 3. The specificity of this reaction depends on excluding acidic substances already present ionized in tissues at this low pH. 4. The performic acid-Alcian blue technique selectively demonstrates material with the exact distribution of Bargmann's chrome-haematoxyphil 'neurosecretory' material in the hypothalamus and in the posterior lobe of the pituitary of man, the rat and dog. 5. This material, by reason of its content of cystine, may represent posterior pituitary hormone; severe dehydration in five rats caused the almost entire loss of this material from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. 6. The performic acid-Alcian blue reaction provides the first histochemical evidence of the hypothalamic elaboration of posterior pituitary hormone in man and rat.

Adaptation of certain Histological Techniques for in situ Demonstration of the Neuro-endocrine system of insects and other animals

1964 ◽  
Vol s3-105 (72) ◽  
pp. 455-466
Author(s):  
G. S. DOGRA ◽  
B. K. TANDAN
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Histological Procedure

Three techniques for staining the secretory neurones in sections were applied directly to the whole brain and/or intact organs of the neuro-endocrine system of certain insects, and the whole brain of various invertebrates and vertebrates. After minor changes in the original procedures, in situ staining was achieved in those components of the neuro-endocrine system that are known to contain the neuro-secretory material. With the Victoria blue staining technique, the secretory neurones, the neurosecretory pathway, and the storage-and-release organ were stained satisfactorily in all the experimental animals, in such a way that observations could be made in whole mounts or suitably dissected portions of the bulk-stained preparations. With the aldehyde-fuchsin and aldehyde-thionin staining techniques, the somata and the proximal portion of the axon of the neurones and the storage-and-release organ were usually stained satisfactorily enough for purposes of observation in the invertebrate material only. On sectioning the bulk-stained components of the neuroendocrine system and mounting the sections, the sites known to contain the neurosecretory material were revealed promptly. On comparing the information derived from mounts of the bulk-stained preparations with that derived from sections of similar preparations, and also with that derived from routine histological procedure, no difference was detected.

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