The administration’s effect of domestic soybean, lablab bean and lima bean content of genistein to improve the productivity of Bali cattle

Bali cattle plays a significant role as producers of food products for humans. Legumes are used in high-quality animal feed to increase productivity. This study analyzed the use ofdomestic Soybean (Glycine max), Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus), and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) as the genistein in Bali cattle feed to shorten postpartum estrus. Different drying methods were applied by putting the ingredients in the oven at 55 ºC and the freeze dryer at -40 ºC.Further, genistein was detected using the Thin Layer Chromatography Method at UV 254 and 366 to determine the Rf value. The parameters measured include genistein detection and genistein identification as well as genistein content in legume straw. The data were analyzed descriptiveusing ANOVA and t-test. The result showed that only two samples adhered to the gel silica plate, including domestic soybean straw using the oven and freeze dryer (DSOD and DSFD), with 0.48 in DSOD and 0.51 in DSFD of Rf value, that is close to the genistein standard with the Rf value of 0.50 and purple colour as the colour of genistein standard. Moreover, the statistical analyses indicated significant differences in the genistein content of legumestraw between DSOD and DSFD (P<0.05), where DSOD=0.662g/100g and DSFD=1.770g/100g. The domestic soybean straw is regarded as a potential source ofBali cattle feed to improve productivity.

Nutritional value, bioactive compounds and capacity antioxidant in edible flowers of dahlia

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and capacity antioxidant in ligulate flowers of dahlia with different colour. The statistical analysis reveals that the petals of the pink and purple colour have more protein and raw fibre (18.54 and 19.25, 16.54 and 15.81%, respectively) and similar raw fat values between the analysed colours. Likewise, the flowers with the highest content of vitamin C, phenols and total flavonoids were observed in the pink, purple and cherry colours, where the latter also stands out for its content of total anthocyanins (3.2 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g–1). However, the yellow ones showed higher antioxidant capacity (68.82 mg AAEVC 100 g–1), which coincides with that found with the concentration of total carotenoids (0.64 μg β-carotene g–1). For the consumers who choose to change their eating habits and seek to include ingredients of vegetable origin (vegetarian and vegan) with low caloric content and a sufficient

Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Carnation SHD-27531-4

Carnation SHD-27531-4 is a genetically modified variety of Dianthus caryophyllus L. used as a decorative plant species. The red-purple colour of the flowers results from expression of the two newly introduced genes dfr and f 3’5’h, encoding the enzymes dihydroflavonol 4reductase (DFR) and flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase (F3’5’H). The two enzymes enable the production of the pigments delphinidin and cyanidin (anthocyanidins) in the flower petals. Anthocyanidins and their sugar derivatives, anthocyanins, make up a large group of natural colours and are accepted food additives (E 163). The colours of most flowers, berries and fruits consist of a combination of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Carnation line SHD-27531-4 also contains a mutated herbicide tolerance gene from Nicotiana tabacum , coding for an acetolactate synthase (ALS) variant protein, used to facilitate the selection of GM plantlets during the genetic transformation process. Southern blot analysis and sequencing indicate only a single copy of the intended T-DNA insert in the SHD-27531-4 genome. Flanking sequences show no disruption of endogenous genes. In silico analyses show no significant homologies between the DFR, F3’5’H an ALS proteins and known toxins and IgE-bound allergens. No observed changes in the introduced trait, i.e. the particular flower colour, indicative of instability, have been reported during several generations of vegetatively propagated plants. Considering that carnation SHD-27531-4 is not intended for cultivation or use as food or feed, the VKM GMO Panel considers the comparative analysis of the anthocyanidins delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin and pelargonidin in the flower petals sufficient for the risk assessment. The reported morphological differences between SHD-27531-4 and the parent cultivar do not raise safety concerns. Based on current knowledge and the scope of the application, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that the DFR, F3’5’H and ALS proteins and anthocyanidin pigments are unlikely to increase a potential health risk related to an accidental intake or other exposure routes to carnation SHD-27531-4 compared to the conventional counterpart or other non-GM carnations. Likewise, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that carnation SHD-27531-4, based on current knowledge and the intended use as cut ornamental flowers, does not represent an environmental risk in Norway.

THE EFFECT OF SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA L.) ESSENTIAL OILS ON VIABILITY CELLS: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Background: Development of new preventive agents for dental caries is needed. One of the candidates for preventive agents from natural products is Soursop leaf. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Soursop leaf oil on the cultured epithelial and fibroblast cells.Methods: In this experimental study, Soursop leaf essential oils were provided, and their e?ect was discovered on epithelial and fibroblast cells line using MTT assay. The MTT assay was conducted to measure the activity of enzymes that reduce MTT and switch it to formazan dye creating a purple colour. Using a microplate reader, the optical density was measured at 550 nm and the absorbance value directly represented relative cell numbers.Results: Data compilation and analysis were done using one-way analysis of variance. Soursop leaf essential oils exhibited variable noxious e?ects on cultured cells. The present study shows that epithelial cell death was less than 30% at the concentration 2.5 �l/ml while the percentage of fibroblast cell death was less than 30% at smaller concentrations of 1.25 �l/ml. Through an increase in the concentration of Soursop leaf essential oils, the toxicity of these materials substantially increased (p<0.05)Conclusion: Soursop leaf essential oils at certain concentrations may cause epithelial and fibroblast cell death.

First Evidence of Ommochromes in Bivalves: the Case of the Edible Oyster Crassostrea Gigas

Among the great variety of pigments found in living beings in general, and more particularly in molluscs, the ommochromes are a family of unknown organic dyes and until now still too little studied. Several lines of physicochemical and structural evidence allowed us here to complete the composition of the purple colour of shell patterns of Crassostrea gigas, highlighting an intriguing association of ommochromes and porphyrins, corroborated by the presence of known genes associated with their biosynthetic pathways. We describe here our pathway to demonstrate for the first time the presence of ommochromes in a bivalve.

Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry).

R. niveus is a highly invasive perennial shrub native to India, China and Southeast Asia. It was introduced around the world through the horticultural trade for its production of sweet tasting fruit and as an ornamental due to the striking red-purple colour of its stems. Nevertheless, cultivated crops were abandoned due to the formation of dense, spiny thickets and many R. niveus plants escaped from cultivation aided by the distribution of seed by birds. Outside of cultivation, R. niveus can outcompete native vegetation, decrease biodiversity and threaten rare endemic species. The success of many Rubus species is linked to the rapid growth of the roots and their ability to reproduce vegetatively. R. niveus has been described as the most invasive weed species on the Galápagos archipelago and declared a noxious weed in the state of Hawaii, USA (Starr et al., 2003).

Allium toksanbaicum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Southeast Kazakhstan

Allium toksanbaicum from South East Kazakhstan is described as a new species. Molecular markers reveal a close relationship to A. obliquum and some other central Asian species of the section Oreiprason. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of the new species based on sequences of two chloroplast spacers (rpl32-trnL and trnQ-rps16) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The new species is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. A detailed morphological description, illustrations and karyotype features of the new species are given. With its falcate leaves, the new species is very similar to A. carolinianum from the section Falcatifolia, but in the shape of the inflorescence and flowers it is very different from it. From A. obliquum it differs for the purple colour of flowers and filaments, as well as the presence of teeth at the base of inner stamens.

Unexpected death of an infant suffocated in the course of breastfeeding when the mother fell asleep

Death following accidental suffocation due to overlaying is often overlooked, and still attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). We report a case of sudden infant death following accidental suffocation due to breast overlaying during breastfeeding. We report the death of a two-month-old male baby, without medical history, who was found lifeless wedged under his mother’s breast. The mother subsequently admitted that she had fallen asleep while breastfeeding and awoke a few minutes later to find him wedged under her breast and not breathing. External examination of the infant’s body revealed right frontal congestion with reddish-purple colour of the right frontal skin corresponding to where the mother’s breast had overlaid his face with bilateral conjunctival petechiae with no signs of external injury. Internal examination revealed congestion with petechiae marks of the internal side of the right frontal scalp, with moderate congestion and few petechiae marks at the level of the lungs. The histopathological examination showed non-specific passive congestion, with no abnormalities. The cause of death was attributed to accidental suffocation following obstruction of external airways by the mother’s breast during breastfeeding. Accidental asphyxia cases require extensive investigation of the circumstances surrounding death, reconstruction of events, and careful documentation of the findings observed at autopsy with full histological examination which may become relevant in a specific case in later stages of the investigation.

Distribution record of Musa borneensis var. sarawakensis Becc. and Musa campestris var. sarawakensis Becc. in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Borneo Island has a large number of wild banana species. As a part of Borneo Island, West Kalimantan has limited information about the diversity of wild bananas. This research aims to update the record distribution of wild bananas from Bonti District of Sanggau Regency and to determine their morphological characteristics. Exploration method and resident information were used in this study. Two species of wild bananas have been identified and considered as new distribution records in West Kalimantan Province, namely-Musa borneensis var. sarawakensis with morphological character pseudostem red-purple colour, sparse black-purple blotches at petiole base, leaf base shape rounded on both sides, male bud red-purple colour and Musa campestris var. sarawakensis with morphological character pseudostem yellow-green colour, inflorescence erect, leaf base one side rounded and one-pointed, the dorsally pink-purple and ventrally pink-purple colour of bract.

Postharvest Storage of Reddish-Purple Sweetcorn: Changes in Anthocyanin, Starch and Sugar Content during Ambient and Refrigerated Storage

Reddish-purple sweetcorn has recently been developed by our laboratory through the inclusion of an active anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in white sweetcorn. Anthocyanin is not only responsible for the reddish-purple colour of the kernels, but has also been associated with a number of health benefits. As this product is novel, there is currently no information on changes in anthocyanin, starch or sugar concentration during postharvest storage. The current study reports the effect of a common domestic storage temperature on these key quality characteristics of reddish-purple sweetcorn over a two-week period. Storage of reddish-purple sweetcorn for 14 days at 23 °C significantly increased (p < 0.05) kernel anthocyanin concentration in half of the cobs from 36.4 mg/100 g at day 0 to 62.8 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), and concurrently decreased sugar from 116.6 mg/g to 27.0 mg/g FW. By contrast, at 4 °C, no significant change in anthocyanin was observed, and the rate of decline in sugar concentration was significantly reduced, declining 20% after 14 days. Although storage at ambient temperature appears to be able to induce a significant increase in anthocyanin concentration, this would have to be manipulated carefully so as not to cause a decline in sugars that would significantly affect sweetness, an important attribute of sweetcorn.