Application of Epoxy Resin for Improvement of the Banana Stem-Acoustic Panel

Background: Greener epoxidation by using vegetable oil to create an eco-friendly epoxide is being studied because it is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly commodity that is safer than non-renewable materials. The aim of this research is to come up with low-cost solutions for banana trunk acoustic panels with kinetic modelling of epoxy-based palm oil. Method: In this study, the epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by in situ performic acid to produce epoxidized palm oleic acid. Results: Banana trunk acoustic panel was successfully innovated based on the performance when the epoxy was applied. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed by using the numerical integration of the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, and the results showed that there is a good agreement between the simulation and experimental data, which validates the kinetic model. Conclusion: Overall, the peracid mechanism was effective in producing a high yield of epoxy from palm oleic acid that is useful for the improvement of acoustic panels based on the banana trunk.

What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?

The fate of pathogen indicators (Escherichia coli – EC, intestinal enterococci – IE, RNA-F bacteriophages and SSR) was extensively studied in Parisian large-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), based on conventional activated sludge, biofiltration or MBR processes. 14–87 campaigns were performed between 2014 and 2018 in 5 WWTPs. High removals of 3 log for both EC and IE, and lower removals of 1–2 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages, were observed in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs. The MBR WWTP achieves notably greater removals of 4.5–5.5 log for faecal bacteria and 3–4 log of SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. This WWTP is the only already in compliance with reuse standards, the other ones being non-compliant because of SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. The implementation of a micro-grain activated carbon process would increase the WWTPs removals of 0.8 log for faecal bacteria, due to particles retention, with no significant effect on both other pathogens. Ozonation (0.9–1.3 g O3/gDOC) or performic acid (0.8–1.2 ppm) would have greater benefits with additional removals of 1.5–2.5 log for EC, 1–2 log for IE and 0.5–1 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. Correlations between pathogen indicators removals and initial concentrations were found, as well as a significant decrease of RNA-F bacteriophages concentrations in Parisian raw wastewater, below 2 log. Thus, RNA-F bacteriophages could be a real issue to evaluate the compliance of Parisian wastewater with reuse. The time evolution of removals demonstrated that SSR is the most problematic parameter regarding reuse in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs, as its initial concentration is high (5 log) but removals insufficient (<2 log). In contrary, removals of RNA-F bacteriophages greater than 2 log can be obtained within WWTPs completed or not with a tertiary treatment when the initial concentration in raw wastewater is sufficient. Correlations were also found between the removals of pathogen indicators and the removals of physico-chemical parameters, but they are not good enough to allow performances predictions.

Chemically modified Jatropha curcas oil for biolubricant applications

Jatropha curcas oil is one of interesting renewable resources for preparation of biolubricants. However, direct application of this oil as a biolubricant is restricted due to its low oxidative stability. This drawback can be overcome by molecule structural redesign through a chemical modification process at its unsaturated functional groups. Jatropha curcas oil was modified via epoxidation, ring opening and esterification processes. Its conversion to the epoxidized oil was performed by using in situ performic acid as a catalyst, then reaction with oleic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst in the ring opening process. The final esterification process with oleic acid was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Molecular structures of the modified oil were determined by measurements of the oxirane oxygen content and by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that the oxidative stability, viscosity, flash point and pour point of the final product were significantly improved. In specific, the ring opening and esterification processes inducing branching and bending in the final oil molecular structure have resulted in the improved viscosity index of 135, the pour point of -29?C and the increased flash point of 250?C.

A Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Way to Dihydroxylate Terminal and Internal Alkenes Using Hydrogen Peroxide/formic Acid

<div> <p>Abstract In this report, we present a modified dihydroxylation procedure for terminal and internal alkenes under neat conditions using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Upon the <i>in situ</i> formation of performic acid, followed by the hydrolysis of hydroxy-formoxy compounds with excess water, we can obtain a series of diols without catalysts and bases.</p> </div>

A Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Way to Dihydroxylate Terminal and Internal Alkenes Using Hydrogen Peroxide/formic Acid

<div> <p>Abstract In this report, we present a modified dihydroxylation procedure for terminal and internal alkenes under neat conditions using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Upon the <i>in situ</i> formation of performic acid, followed by the hydrolysis of hydroxy-formoxy compounds with excess water, we can obtain a series of diols without catalysts and bases.</p> </div>

A Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Way to Dihydroxylate Terminal and Internal Alkenes Using Hydrogen Peroxide/formic Acid

<div> <p>Abstract In this report, we present a modified dihydroxylation procedure for terminal and internal alkenes under neat conditions using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Upon the <i>in situ</i> formation of performic acid, followed by the hydrolysis of hydroxy-formoxy compounds with excess water, we can obtain a series of diols without catalysts and bases.</p> </div>