Vestibular perception of passive whole-body rotation about horizontal and vertical axes in humans: goal-directed vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibular memory-contingent saccades

1993 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Isra�l ◽  
M. Fetter ◽  
E. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibular Perception ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

scholarly journals Galvanic stimulation of the vestibular periphery in guinea pigs during passive whole body rotation and self-generated head movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shanidze ◽  
K. Lim ◽  
J. Dye ◽  
W. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Galvanic Stimulation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Anticipatory Eye Movements ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulospinal Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

Irregular vestibular afferents exhibit significant phase leads with respect to angular velocity of the head in space. This characteristic and their connectivity with vestibulospinal neurons suggest a functionally important role for these afferents in producing the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR). A goal of these experiments was to test this hypothesis with the use of weak galvanic stimulation of the vestibular periphery (GVS) to selectively activate or suppress irregular afferents during passive whole body rotation of guinea pigs that could freely move their heads. Both inhibitory and excitatory GVS had significant effects on compensatory head movements during sinusoidal and transient whole body rotations. Unexpectedly, GVS also strongly affected the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during passive whole body rotation. The effect of GVS on the VOR was comparable in light and darkness and whether the head was restrained or unrestrained. Significantly, there was no effect of GVS on compensatory eye and head movements during volitional head motion, a confirmation of our previous study that demonstrated the extravestibular nature of anticipatory eye movements that compensate for voluntary head movements.

Headshake Versus Whole-Body Rotation Testing of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

1991 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 695???698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Goebel ◽  
Michael Fortin ◽  
Gary D. Paige
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Effects of adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex function on manual target localization

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Bloomberg ◽  
Lauren A. Merkle ◽  
Susan R. Barry ◽  
William P. Huebner ◽  
Helen S. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Modulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

The goal of the present study was to determine if adaptive modulation of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function is associated with commensurate alterations in manual target localization. To measure the effects of adapted VOR on manual responses we developed the Vestibular-Contingent Pointing Test (VCP). In the VCP test, subjects pointed to a remembered target following passive whole body rotation in the dark. In the first experiment, subjects performed VCP before and after wearing 0.5X minifying lenses that adaptively attenuate horizontal VOR gain. Results showed that adaptive reduction in horizontal VOR gain was accompanied by a commensurate change in VCP performance. In the second experiment, bilaterally labyrinthine deficient (LD) subjects were tested to confirm that vestibular cues were central to the spatial coding of both eye and hand movements during VCP. LD subjects performed significantly worse than normal subjects. These results demonstrate that adaptive change in VOR can lead to alterations in manual target localization.

Torsional vestibulo-ocular reflex during whole-body oscillation in the upright and the supine position: II. Responses in patients after vestibular neuritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
A. Schmid-Priscoveanu ◽  
A.A. Kori ◽  
D. Straumann
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Vestibular Neuritis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Phase Lead ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

In a recent study we demonstrated that otolith input modifies the torsional angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (torVOR) of healthy human subjects: Compared to turntable oscillations in supine position, oscillations in upright position increased the gain of torVOR by 0.1 and cancelled the phase lead originating from low-frequency semicircular canal signals. We asked whether these otolith-related changes of torVOR are still present in patients after vestibular neuritis (VN). Eight patients were sinusoidally oscillated about their naso-occipital axis in supine (canal-only stimulation) and upright (canal-and-otolith stimulation) position. Three-dimensional eye movements were recorded with dual search coils. The patients showed similar otolith-related gain and phase changes of the torVOR as healthy subjects: the gain increased by about 0.1 (p < 0.05) and the low-frequency phase lead from semicircular canal signals was abolished. These results indicate that otolith function after VN is still sufficient to interact with semicircular canal signals to optimize torsional gaze stabilization when the head is upright.

scholarly journals New advances regarding adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Schubert ◽  
Americo A. Migliaccio
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Velocity Error ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vor Adaptation ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Repeated Training ◽  
Head Rotations ◽  
Efferent Vestibular System

This is a review summarizing the development of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation behavior with relevance to rehabilitation over the last 10 years and examines VOR adaptation using head-on-body rotations, specifically the influence of training target contrast, position and velocity error signal, active vs. passive head rotations, and sinusoidal vs. head impulse rotations. This review discusses optimization of the single VOR adaptation training session, consolidation between repeated training sessions, and dynamic incremental VOR adaptation. Also considered are the effects of aging and the roles of the efferent vestibular system, cerebellum, and otoliths on angular VOR adaptation. Finally, this review examines VOR adaptation findings in studies using whole body rotations.

scholarly journals Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex to Transient Surge Translation: Complex Geometric Response Ablated by Normal Aging

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 2042-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ru Tian ◽  
Eriko Mokuno ◽  
Joseph L. Demer
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Target Eccentricity ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Target Visibility

The linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) to surge (fore-aft) translation has complex kinematics varying with target eccentricity and distance. To determine normal responses and aging changes, 9 younger [age, 28 ± 2 (SE) yr] and 11 older subjects (age, 69 ± 2 yr) underwent 0.5 g whole body surge transients while wearing binocular scleral search coils. Linear chair position and head acceleration were measured with a potentiometer and accelerometer. Subjects viewed centered and 10° horizontally and vertically eccentric targets 50, 25, or 15 cm distant before unpredictable onset of randomly directed surge in darkness (LVOR) and light (V-LVOR). Response directions were kinematically appropriate to eccentricity in all subjects, but there were significantly more measurable LVOR and V-LVOR responses (63–79%) in younger than older subjects (38–44%, P < 0.01). Minimal LVOR latency averaged 48 ± 4 ms for younger and significantly longer at 70 ± 6 ms for older subjects. In the interval 200–300 ms after surge onset, horizontal LVOR gain (relative to ideal velocity) of younger subjects averaged over all target distances was 0.55 ± 0.04 and was significantly reduced in older subjects to 0.33 ± 0.04. Horizontal V-LVOR gain was 0.58 ± 0.04 in younger and significantly lower at 0.35 ± 0.06 in older subjects. Vertical gains did not differ significantly between groups. Target visibility had no effect in either group during the initial 200 ms. The LVOR and V-LVOR were augmented by saccades in younger more than older subjects. Aging thus decreases LVOR velocity gain, response rate, and saccade augmentation, but prolongs latency.

Asymmetry of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in the Cat

1985 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Anderson ◽  
Stephen L. Liston
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vertical Semicircular Canals

Vertical eye movements were recorded in alert, restrained cats that were subjected to whole-body rotations which stimulated the vertical semicircular canals. The results showed a significant asymmetry between the upward and downward slow-phase eye movements, which suggests differences in the CNS processing of vertical canal inputs vis-à-vis the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Predictive Mechanisms of Head-Eye Coordination and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Suppression in Humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Barnes ◽  
M.A. Grealy
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Head Velocity ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Sinusoidal Motion ◽  
Smooth Component ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Head and eye movements of human subjects have been recorded during head-free pursuit in the horizontal plane of a target executing sinusoidal motion at a frequency of 0.26 to 0.78 Hz and a peak velocity of ±96∘/s. The target was not presented continuously but was exposed for brief durations of 120 to 320 ms as it passed through the centre of the visual field at peak velocity. This technique allowed the timing of each response to be assessed in relation to the onset of target appearance. During the first 3 to 4 target presentations, there was a progressive buildup of both head velocity and the smooth component of gaze velocity, while, simultaneously, the responses became more phase-advanced with respect to target onset. In the steady state, similar temporal response trajectories were observed for head and gaze velocity, which were initiated approximately 500 ms prior to target on-set, rose to a peak that increased with the duration of target exposure, and then decayed with a time constant of 0.5 to 1 s. Whenever the target failed to appear as expected, the gaze and head velocity trajectories continued to be made, indicating that predictive suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was taking place in darkness. In a further experiment, subjects attempted to suppress the VOR during whole body oscillation at 0.2 or 0.4 Hz on a turntable by fixating, a head-fixed target that appeared for 10 to 160 ms at the time of peak head velocity. Again, VOR suppression was initiated prior to target appearance in the same manner as for natural head movements, and when the target suddenly disappeared but rotation continued, predictive VOR suppression was observed in darkness. The similarity of these predictive effects to those obtained previously for head-fixed pursuit provides further support for the hypothesis that both pursuit and visual suppression of the VOR are controlled primarily by identical visual feedback mechanisms.

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