The role of binocular neurons in the cat striate cortex in combining information from the two eyes

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. von Grünau ◽  
W. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Combining Information ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Role of intracortical inhibition in orientation tuning dynamics in the cat striate cortex neurons

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Shevelev ◽  
U. T. Eysel ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
G. A. Sharaev
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

The role of visual experience in the development of cat striate cortex

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut V. B. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Role of visual experience in postcritical-period reversal of effects of monocular deprivation in cat striate cortex

1978 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Peter D. Spear ◽  
Kenneth E. Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

scholarly journals Role of Chest Imaging in Viral Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6434
Author(s):  
Diletta Cozzi ◽  
Eleonora Bicci ◽  
Alessandra Bindi ◽  
Edoardo Cavigli ◽  
Ginevra Danti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Radiological Patterns ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Combining Information

The infection caused by novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. However, in the last 20 years, this has not been the only viral infection to cause respiratory tract infections leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, referring in particular to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Although in this pandemic period SARS-CoV-2 infection should be the first diagnosis to exclude, many other viruses can cause pulmonary manifestations and have to be recognized. Through the description of the main radiological patterns, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, also combining information from clinical and laboratory data.

scholarly journals Collicular Vision Guides Nonconscious Behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tamietto ◽  
Franco Cauda ◽  
Luca Latini Corazzini ◽  
Silvia Savazzi ◽  
Carlo A. Marzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Extrastriate Areas

Following destruction or deafferentation of primary visual cortex (area V1, striate cortex), clinical blindness ensues, but residual visual functions may, nevertheless, persist without perceptual consciousness (a condition termed blindsight). The study of patients with such lesions thus offers a unique opportunity to investigate what visual capacities are mediated by the extrastriate pathways that bypass V1. Here we provide evidence for a crucial role of the collicular–extrastriate pathway in nonconscious visuomotor integration by showing that, in the absence of V1, the superior colliculus (SC) is essential to translate visual signals that cannot be consciously perceived into motor outputs. We found that a gray stimulus presented in the blind field of a patient with unilateral V1 loss, although not consciously seen, can influence his behavioral and pupillary responses to consciously perceived stimuli in the intact field (implicit bilateral summation). Notably, this effect was accompanied by selective activations in the SC and in occipito-temporal extrastriate areas. However, when instead of gray stimuli we presented purple stimuli, which predominantly draw on S-cones and are thus invisible to the SC, any evidence of implicit visuomotor integration disappeared and activations in the SC dropped significantly. The present findings show that the SC acts as an interface between sensory and motor processing in the human brain, thereby providing a contribution to visually guided behavior that may remain functionally and anatomically segregated from the geniculo-striate pathway and entirely outside conscious visual experience.

Favored patterns in spike trains. II. Application

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dayhoff ◽  
G. L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex ◽  
Template Methods ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

In this paper we apply the two methods described in the companion paper (4) to experimentally recorded spike trains from two preparations, the crayfish claw and the cat striate cortex. Neurons in the crayfish claw control system produced favored patterns in 23 of 30 spike trains under a variety of experimental conditions. Favored patterns generally consisted of 3-7 spikes and were found to be in excess by both quantized and template methods. Spike trains from area 17 of the lightly anesthetized cat showed favored patterns in 16 of 27 cases (in quantized form). Some patterns were also found to be favored in template form; these were not as abundant in the cat data as in the crayfish data. Most firing of the cat neurons occurred at times near stimulation, and the observed patterns may represent stimulus information. Favored patterns generally contained up to 7 spikes. No obvious correlations between identified neurons or experimental conditions and the generation of favored patterns were apparent from these data in either preparation. This work adds to the existing evidence that pattern codes are available for use by the nervous system. The potential biological significance of pattern codes is discussed.

Functional connectivity between simple cells and complex cells in cat striate cortex

10.1038/1609 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Manuel Alonso ◽  
Luis M. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Dynamics of orientation tuning in the cat striate cortex neurons

Neuroscience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Shevelev ◽  
G.A. Sharaev ◽  
N.A. Lazareva ◽  
R.V. Novikova ◽  
A.S. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Directional selectivity and spatiotemporal structure of receptive fields of simple cells in cat striate cortex

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Reid ◽  
R. E. Soodak ◽  
R. M. Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

1. Simple cells in cat striate cortex were studied with a number of stimulation paradigms to explore the extent to which linear mechanisms determine direction selectivity. For each paradigm, our aim was to predict the selectivity for the direction of moving stimuli given only the responses to stationary stimuli. We have found that the prediction robustly determines the direction and magnitude of the preferred response but overestimates the nonpreferred response. 2. The main paradigm consisted of comparing the responses of simple cells to contrast reversal sinusoidal gratings with their responses to drifting gratings (of the same orientation, contrast, and spatial and temporal frequencies) in both directions of motion. Although it is known that simple cells display spatiotemporally inseparable responses to contrast reversal gratings, this spatiotemporal inseparability is demonstrated here to predict a certain amount of direction selectivity under the assumption that simple cells sum their inputs linearly. 3. The linear prediction of the directional index (DI), a quantitative measure of the degree of direction selectivity, was compared with the measured DI obtained from the responses to drifting gratings. The median value of the ratio of the two was 0.30, indicating that there is a significant nonlinear component to direction selectivity. 4. The absolute magnitudes of the responses to gratings moving in both directions of motion were compared with the linear predictions as well. Whereas the preferred direction response showed only a slight amount of facilitation compared with the linear prediction, there was a significant amount of nonlinear suppression in the nonpreferred direction. 5. Spatiotemporal inseparability was demonstrated also with stationary temporally modulated bars. The time course of response to these bars was different for different positions in the receptive field. The degree of spatiotemporal inseparability measured with sinusoidally modulated bars agreed quantitatively with that measured in experiments with stationary gratings. 6. A linear prediction of the responses to drifting luminance borders was compared with the actual responses. As with the grating experiments, the prediction was qualitatively accurate, giving the correct preferred direction but underestimating the magnitude of direction selectivity observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Receptive-field structure in cat striate cortex.

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Palmer ◽  
T L Davis
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex
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