Manometric characteristics of the pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter, esophagus, and lower esophageal sphincter in patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

The opossum esophagus is commonly used as an animal model of the human esophagus. We used esophageal manometry in normal animals to provide basal data about normal esophageal motor functions in vivo in this species. At rest, separate and distinct high pressure zones can be recorded at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic hiatus, aortic arch, and upper esophageal sphincter. Each zone demonstrates a characteristic pattern of pressures in the radii of the coronal section and a characteristic response to swallowing. The hiatal and aortic zones can be mistaken for the esophageal sphincters. Pressures in the sphincters fall with swallowing. Peristalsis is not bolus-dependent and occurs with 98% of swallows. Pressures generated by peristalsis are greater in the middle of the esophagus than at the ends. Values for resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure and the characteristics of peristalsis were reproducible between different studies in the same animals.

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1129 Esophageal Bolus Volume-Dependent Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) and Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Reflexes in Infants with Birth Asphyxia

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(16)30838-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. S228

Author(s):

Theresa Shubert ◽

Swetha Sitaram ◽

Sudarshan Jadcherla

Keyword(s):

Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Bolus Volume ◽

Esophageal Sphincter

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585 Upper Esophageal Sphincter Response During Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation (TLESR) Is Dependent On the Posture & Nature of Refluxate: Assessed By Concurrent High Resolution Manometry, pH & Impedance

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(09)60420-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 136 (5) ◽

pp. A-93

Author(s):

Arash Babaei ◽

Ravinder K. Mittal

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽

High Resolution Manometry ◽

Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation ◽

Esophageal Sphincter

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Mechanism of UES relaxation initiated by gastric air distension

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00120.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (4) ◽

pp. G452-G458 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ivan M. Lang ◽

Bidyut K. Medda ◽

Reza Shaker

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Gastroesophageal Junction ◽

Esophageal Pressure ◽

Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Gastric Fistula ◽

Esophageal Mucosa ◽

Rapid Injection ◽

Free Air ◽

Esophageal Sphincter

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of initiation of transient upper esophageal sphincter relaxation (TUESR) caused by gastric air distension. Cats ( n = 31) were decerebrated, EMG electrodes were placed on the cricopharyngeus, a gastric fistula was formed, and a strain gauge was sewn on the lower esophageal sphincter ( n = 8). Injection of air (114 ± 13 ml) in the stomach caused TUESR ( n = 18) and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR, n = 6), and this effect was not significantly ( P > 0.05) affected by thoracotomy. Free air or bagged air ( n = 6) activated TLESR, but only free air activated TUESR. Closure of the gastroesophageal junction blocked TUESR (9/9), but not TLESR (4/4), caused by air inflation of the stomach. Venting air from distal esophagus during air inflation of the stomach prevented TUESR ( n = 12) but did not prevent air escape from the stomach to the esophagus ( n = 4). Rapid injection of air on the esophageal mucosa always caused TUESR (9/9) but did not always (7/9) cause an increase in esophageal pressure. The time delay between the TUESR and the rapid air pulse was significantly more variable ( P < 0.05) than the time delay between the rapid air pulse and the rise in esophageal pressure. We concluded that the TUESR caused by gastric air distension is dependent on air escape from the stomach, which stimulates receptors in the esophagus, but is not dependent on distension of the stomach or esophagus, or the TLESR. Therefore, the TUESR caused by gastric air distension is initiated by stimulation of receptors in the esophageal mucosa.

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Effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in man

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1975.39.3.479 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 479-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

A. Mukhopadhyay ◽

S. Rattan ◽

R. K. Goyal

Keyword(s):

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Esophageal Motility ◽

Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽

Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽

The Body ◽

Inhibitory Influence ◽

Sphincter Pressure ◽

Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Peristaltic Contractions

Studies were performed to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in 12 healthy volunteers. PGE2 infusion caused a dose-dependent reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The threshold dose was less than 0.05 mug-kg-1-min-1 and maximal reduction of pressure (60%) occurred with a dose of 0.4 mug-kg-1-min-1. In contrast to its effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, PGE2 did not alter the pressure in the upper esophageal sphincter. PGE2 did not influence resting esophageal pressures; the amplitude of peristaltic contractions was reduced in the lower but not in the upper part of the body of the esophagus. These studies show that in man PGE2 exerts selective inhibitory influence on the activity of the lower part of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter which are composed of smooth muscle fibers.

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