Relationship between glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance

The study investigated whether a persistent impairment of insulin secretion resulting from mild protein restriction predisposes to loss of glucoregulatory control and impaired insulin action after the subsequent imposition of the diabetogenic challenge of high-fat feeding. Offspring of dams provided with either control (20% protein) diet (C) or an isocaloric restricted (8%) protein diet (PR) were weaned onto the maintenance diet with which their mothers had been provided. At 20 wk of age, protein restriction enhanced glucose tolerance despite impaired insulin secretion and an augmented and sensitized lipolytic response to norepinephrine in adipocytes. C and PR rats were then transferred to a high-fat diet (HF, 19% protein, 22% lipid, 34% carbohydrate) and sampled after 8 wk. These groups are termed C-HF and PR-HF. Glucose tolerance was impaired in PR-HF, but not C-HF, rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates were significantly lower (by 30%; P < 0.01) in the PR-HF group than in the C-HF group, and a specific impairment of antilipolytic response of insulin was unmasked in adipocytes from PR-HF, but not C-HF, rats. The study demonstrates that antecedent protein restriction accelerates and augments the development of impaired glucoregulation and insulin resistance after high-fat feeding.

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Diurnal Variation in Glucose Tolerance: Cyclic Suppression of Insulin Action and Insulin Secretion in Normal-Weight, But Not Obese, Subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.41.6.750 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 750-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

A. Lee ◽

M. Ader ◽

G. A. Bray ◽

R. N. Bergman

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Subjects

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Effect of early dietary restriction on insulin action and secretion in the GK rat, a spontaneous model of NIDDM

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.6.e1097 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (6) ◽

pp. E1097-E1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carmen Alvarez ◽

Danielle Bailbe ◽

Françoise Picarel-Blanchot ◽

Eric Bertin ◽

Ana-Maria Pascual-Leone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Gk Rat ◽

Basal Plasma

The availability of the Goto-Kakisaki (GK) rat model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus prompted us to test the effect of a limited period of undernutrition in previously diabetic young rats on their insulin secretion and insulin action during adult age. Four-week-old female GK rats were either food restricted (35% restriction, 15% protein diet) or protein and energy restricted (35% restriction, 5% protein diet) for 4 wk. Food restriction in the young GK rat lowered weight gain but did not aggravate basal hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, despite a decrease in basal plasma insulin level. Furthermore, the insulin-mediated glucose uptake by peripheral tissues in the GK rat was clearly improved. We also found that food restriction, when it is coupled to overt protein deficiency in the young GK rat, altered weight gain more severely and slightly decreased basal hyperglycemia but conversely aggravated glucose tolerance. Improvement of basal hyperglycemia was related to repression of basal hepatic glucose hyperproduction, despite profound attenuation of basal plasma insulin level. Deterioration of tolerance to glucose was related to severe blunting of the residual glucose-induced insulin secretion. It is, however, likely that the important enhancement of the insulin-mediated glucose uptake helped to limit the deterioration of glucose tolerance.

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1-Hour OGTT Plasma Glucose as a Marker of Progressive Deterioration of Insulin Secretion and Action in Pregnant Women

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/460509 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alessandra Ghio ◽

Giuseppe Seghieri ◽

Cristina Lencioni ◽

Roberto Anichini ◽

Alessandra Bertolotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽

Linear Manner

Considering old GDM diagnostic criteria, alterations in insulin secretion and action are present in women with GDM as well as in women with one abnormal value (OAV) during OGTT. Our aim is to assess if changes in insulin action and secretion during pregnancy are related to 1-hour plasma glucose concentration during OGTT. We evaluated 3 h/100 g OGTT in 4,053 pregnant women, dividing our population on the basis of 20 mg/dL increment of plasma glucose concentration at 1 h OGTT generating 5 groups (<120 mg/dL,n=661; 120–139 mg/dL,n=710; 140–159 mg/dL,n=912; 160–179 mg/dL,n=885; and ≥180 mg/dL,n=996). We calculated incremental area under glucose (AUCgluc) and insulin curves (AUCins), indexes of insulin secretion (HOMA-B), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-R), AUCins/AUCgluc. AUCglucand AUCinsprogressively increased according to 1-hour plasma glucose concentrations (bothP<0.0001for trend). HOMA-B progressively declined (P<0.001), and HOMA-R progressively increased across the five groups. AUCins/AUCglucdecreased in a linear manner across the 5 groups (P<0.001). Analysing the groups with 1-hour value <180 mg/dL, defects in insulin secretion (HOMA-B: −29.7%) and sensitivity (HOMA-R: +15%) indexes were still apparent (allP<0.001). Progressive increase in 1-hour OGTT is associated with deterioration of glucose tolerance and alterations in indexes of insulin action and secretion.

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