scholarly journals Specific staining of human chromosomes in Chinese hamster x man hybrid cell lines demonstrates interphase chromosome territories

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Schardin ◽  
T. Cremer ◽  
H. D. Hager ◽  
M. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chromosome Territories ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA IRRADIATION OF HUMAN FIBROBLASTS ON HUMAN/CHINESE HAMSTER SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDS

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Donald ◽  
H. S. Wang ◽  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
J. L. Hamerton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Human Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Human fibroblast cells were exposed to 0, 10, 20, or 40 Grays of gamma rays and then fused with unirradiated Chinese hamster cells deficient in HPRT. THAG selection system was used to ensure that only hybrid cell lines could survive. The time of appearance of pickable hybrid colonies and the frequency of dishes without any colonies were related to radiation dose. As the radiation dose increased, there was a positive correlation with frequency of cells with abnormal nuclei and a negative correlation with frequency of human chromosomes. Additionally, the hamster chromosomes had damage similar to that produced by radiation; the frequency of damaged hamster chromosomes was positively correlated with radiation dose.

scholarly journals Repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells made UV light resistant by fusion with X-ray-inactivated Chinese hamster cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3428-3432
Author(s):  
D Karentz ◽  
J E Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive human disease, characterized by an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, caused by the inability of cells to repair UV light-induced damage to DNA. Cell fusion was used to transfer fragments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes into XP cells. The hybrid cells exhibited UV resistance and DNA repair characteristics comparable to those expressed by CHO cells, and their DNA had greater homology with CHO DNA than did the DNA from XP cells. Control experiments consisted of fusion of irradiated and unirradiated XP cells and repeated exposure of unfused XP cells to UV doses used for hybrid selection. These treatments did not result in an increase in UV resistance, repair capability, or homology with CHO DNA. The hybrid cell lines do not, therefore, appear to be XP revertants. The establishment of these stable hybrid cell lines is an initial step toward identifying and cloning CHO DNA repair genes that complement the XP defect in human cells. The method should also be applicable to cloning genes for other diseases, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia.

Construction and characterization of Chinese hamster cell EmtA EmtB double mutants

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-772
Author(s):  
S Chang ◽  
J J Wasmuth
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Starting with hybrid cell lines between a Chinese hamster cell EmtA mutant and a Chinese hamster cell EmtB mutant, we have constructed cell lines that are homozygous for mutant alleles at both the emtA locus and the emtB locus, by using a two-step segregation protocol. The EmtA EmtB double mutants are approximately 10-fold more resistant to emetine inhibition than either of the parental mutants. Having both the EmtA mutation and the EmtB mutation expressed in the same cell also results in a level of resistance to cryptopleurine that is significantly higher than a simple additive effect of the two mutations alone. Analysis of ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a parental hybrid and a first-step segregant, which has lost the wild-type emtA allele, synthesize both a normal and an altered form of ribosomal protein S14, whereas an EmtA EmtB double mutant synthesizes only the altered form of this ribosomal protein. This result confirms that the emtB locus is the structural gene for ribosomal protein S14. Our results also suggest that the products of the emtA and emtB loci interact directly, indicating that the emtA locus, like the emtB locus, encodes a component of the ribosome.

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA in synkaryons and heterokaryons formed between human and rodent cells

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-325
Author(s):  
C.J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Rrna Synthesis ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

A study has been made of the ribosomal RNA and chromosome constitution of man-mouse hybrid cells. Previous work has shown that no human 28s rRNA is detectable in man-mouse synkaryons. In general human chromosomes are lost from such hybrids. With a recently developed method for distinguishing mouse from human chromosomes, an analysis of various man-mouse hybrid cell lines has been made. This indicates that not all the human chromosomes bearing nucleolar organizers are lost in the hybrid cells and such loss cannot alone explain the absence of human 28s rRNA. An examination of the 28s rRNA synthesized by heterokaryons formed from several different parent cells has revealed that both parental types of 28s rRNA are present in heterokaryons. The control of rRNA synthesis in hybrid cells is discussed.

Human Chromosomes in 18 Man-Mouse Somatic Hybrid Cell Lines Analysed by Quinacrine Fluorescence

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-830
Author(s):  
P. W. ALLDERDICE ◽  
O. J. MILLER ◽  
P. L. PEARSON ◽  
G. KLEIN ◽  
H. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Hybrid Line ◽  
Somatic Hybrid Cell ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Chromosome studies were done on 18 somatic hybrid cell lines produced by fusing cells of the mouse A 9 line with cells of the human Daudi lymphoblastoid line derived from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. The human chromosomes were identified by their quinacrine fluorescent banding patterns. In one hybrid line the human chromosomes were identified also by the centromeric heterochromatin staining technique. Every human chromosome was identified in one or more of the hybrid lines. Some lines were homogeneous in terms of their human chromosome content, while others were quite heterogeneous. Detailed analysis of the A 9 chromosomes in one hybrid line showed very few changes in comparison with the chromosome constitution of the average A 9 cell.

scholarly journals Repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells made UV light resistant by fusion with X-ray-inactivated Chinese hamster cells.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3428-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Karentz ◽  
J E Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive human disease, characterized by an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, caused by the inability of cells to repair UV light-induced damage to DNA. Cell fusion was used to transfer fragments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes into XP cells. The hybrid cells exhibited UV resistance and DNA repair characteristics comparable to those expressed by CHO cells, and their DNA had greater homology with CHO DNA than did the DNA from XP cells. Control experiments consisted of fusion of irradiated and unirradiated XP cells and repeated exposure of unfused XP cells to UV doses used for hybrid selection. These treatments did not result in an increase in UV resistance, repair capability, or homology with CHO DNA. The hybrid cell lines do not, therefore, appear to be XP revertants. The establishment of these stable hybrid cell lines is an initial step toward identifying and cloning CHO DNA repair genes that complement the XP defect in human cells. The method should also be applicable to cloning genes for other diseases, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia.

Primed in situ (PRINS) Labelling with Alu and Satellite Primers for Rapid Characterization of Human Chromosomes in Hybrid Cell Lines

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Coullin ◽  
Brigitte Andréo ◽  
Jean Paul Charlieu ◽  
Jean-Jacques Candelier ◽  
Franck Pellestor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

scholarly journals Construction and characterization of Chinese hamster cell EmtA EmtB double mutants.

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chang ◽  
J J Wasmuth
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Starting with hybrid cell lines between a Chinese hamster cell EmtA mutant and a Chinese hamster cell EmtB mutant, we have constructed cell lines that are homozygous for mutant alleles at both the emtA locus and the emtB locus, by using a two-step segregation protocol. The EmtA EmtB double mutants are approximately 10-fold more resistant to emetine inhibition than either of the parental mutants. Having both the EmtA mutation and the EmtB mutation expressed in the same cell also results in a level of resistance to cryptopleurine that is significantly higher than a simple additive effect of the two mutations alone. Analysis of ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a parental hybrid and a first-step segregant, which has lost the wild-type emtA allele, synthesize both a normal and an altered form of ribosomal protein S14, whereas an EmtA EmtB double mutant synthesizes only the altered form of this ribosomal protein. This result confirms that the emtB locus is the structural gene for ribosomal protein S14. Our results also suggest that the products of the emtA and emtB loci interact directly, indicating that the emtA locus, like the emtB locus, encodes a component of the ribosome.

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