Measurement of the relative spectral sensitivity of photomultipliers operated in photon counting mode

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 935-938
Author(s):  
A. I. Shchurenko ◽  
B. V. Stetsenko ◽  
V. S. Lysenko ◽  
I. P. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

scholarly journals Experiments with Silicon Array Detectors in the RGO Coude Spectrograph

1982 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
C.F.W. Harmer ◽  
Dianne L. Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Royal Greenwich Observatory ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

Two detector systems, recently developed at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, have undergone tests on the coude spectrograph of the 30-inch telescope at Herstmonceux. The first is an intensified Reticon system, used in a photon counting mode; the second is a directly illuminated, cooled CID.

First Results of an L3CCD in Photon Counting Mode

2004 ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Gach ◽  
Christian Guillaume ◽  
Olivier Boissin ◽  
Cyril Cavadore
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
First Results ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

scholarly journals The precision calcium photometer: A New Instrument for Astroseismology

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
P. Nisenson ◽  
A. K. Dupree ◽  
R. W. Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Image Stabilization ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Photon Counting Mode ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Stellar Image

The Precision CAlcium Photometer (PCAP) has been built with characteristics optimized for amplitude astroseismology. The instrument consists of two units: an on-telescope optical system that forms and stabilizes a stellar image onto a 200 micron optical fiber; and a spectrometer unit that accepts the light from the fiber and integrates the Calcium II H and K lines (3968.5 Å and 3933.7 Å), along with adjacent continuum regions, in a photon-counting mode. Some key system characteristics include active image stabilization, a 12-meter optical fiber with ~70% transmission at 3950 Å, and a thermally and mechanically stable spectrometer. A description of the instrument and of laboratory and on-telescope test runs are discussed below.

scholarly journals Зондирование молекул метанола в атмосфере по спектрам комбинационного рассеяния света

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
В.Е. Привалов ◽  
В.Г. Шеманин
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Lidar Equation ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

The Raman back scattering lidar equation for the methanol molecules numerical solution results at the methanol molecules remote sensing in the atmosphere with concentrations in the range 1012 cm-3... 1018 cm-3 at the range distances up to 1000 meters in the synchronous photon counting mode are presented. It is shown that during the measurement time of 1 s with such a Raman lidar at the 405 nm laser wavelength, it is possible to probe the methanol molecules with a concentration level of about 1016 cm-3 at distances up to 600 m.

scholarly journals Investigation of the characteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Ivan Gulakov ◽  
Andrey Zenevich ◽  
Evgeniy Novikov ◽  
Olga Kochergina ◽  
Anastasiy Lagutik
Keyword(s):  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Avalanche Photodetectors ◽  
Sensitivity Ratio ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

At present, matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode are widely used for detecting optical radiation. However, the char-acteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in this mode are currently insufficiently studied. Prototypes of Si-photomultiplier tubes (Si-PMTs) with a p+–p–n+ structure produced by JSC Integral (Republic of Belarus), as well as serially produced silicon photomultipliers Ketek PM 3325 and ON Semi FC 30035 have been used as objects of research. This article presents the research results of characteristics in the photon counting mode of the specified photodetec-tors. The dependences of the specific amplitude sensitivity ratio on the wavelength of optical radiation, the temperature, the supply voltage of the matrix multi-element avalanche photodetector are determined.

scholarly journals Лидарная система комбинационного рассеяния света для зондирования молекул водорода в атмосфере

2022 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
В.Е. Привалов ◽  
В.Г. Шеманин
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
Counting Mode ◽  
Lidar Equation ◽  
Photon Counting Mode ◽  
Selection Of

Computer simulation of the Raman lidar equation for measurement of the hydrogen molecules at the concentration level of 1013 cm-3 and higher in atmosphere at the ranging distances up to 100 m in the synchronous photon counting mode and selection of such a lidar optimal parameters have been fulfilled. It is shown that for hydrogen molecules concentration of N(z)=1013 cm-3 measurement at the distances from 5 to 100 m the measurement time t is in the range from 3.83 s to 26.5 min, for measurement of concentration N(z) = 1015 cm-3 - from 38 ms to 15.9 s and for the concentration measurement of N(z) = 1017 cm-3 - already from 0.4 ms to 160 ms, respectively.

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