Gas exchange and air flow in the lung of the snake,Pituophis melanoleucus

1987 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry N. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pituophis Melanoleucus

DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSOR FOR CONTINUOUS AND ACCURATE MONITORING OF AIR FLOW FOR OPEN-SYSTEM WHOLE CANOPY GAS-EXCHANGE MEASUREMENTS

2007 ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
F.P. Marra ◽  
I. Grutta ◽  
A. Motisi ◽  
F. Pernice
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Open System ◽  
Air Flow

scholarly journals Ventilation/Perfusion Matching: Of Myths, Mice, and Men

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alys R. Clark ◽  
Kelly S. Burrowes ◽  
Merryn H. Tawhai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Flow Perfusion ◽  
Large Animals

Despite a huge range in lung size between species, there is little measured difference in the ability of the lung to provide a well-matched air flow (ventilation) to blood flow (perfusion) at the gas exchange tissue. Here, we consider the remarkable similarities in ventilation/perfusion matching between species through a biophysical lens and consider evidence that matching in large animals is dominated by gravity but in small animals by structure.

Simulation Model for a Crankcase-Compression Two-Stroke Spark-Ignition Engine Including Intake and Exhaust Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Benson ◽  
P. C. Baruah ◽  
B. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Gas Exchange Process ◽  
Exhaust Systems

A model is presented to simulate the power cycle and gas exchange process in a crankcase-compression two-stroke spark-ignition engine which includes intake and exhaust systems. Chemical equilibrium and a two-zone combustion model with a spherical flame front are assumed for the power cycle and generalized non-steady gas dynamic expressions, including variable composition, variable specific heats, friction and heat transfer, are assumed for the gas exchange process in the intake and exhaust systems. For the scavenge process in the cylinder, a thermal mixing model is used to calculate the pressure changes. Experiments with a small high-speed engine showed that the model gave good predictions of the pressure changes during the gas exchange process and the air flow rate. The power predictions followed the experimental trend, but the quantitative results were not so good as the air flow predictions. Despite the limitations of the power predictions, the method offers the designer a tool for improving the performance of the crankcase-compression engine.

Ventillation, gas exchange and blood gases in the snake, Pituophis melanoleucus

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry N. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Pituophis Melanoleucus

Cross-current gas exchange in avian lungs: Effects of reversed parabronchial air flow in ducks

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scheid ◽  
Johannes Piiper
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Cross Current

scholarly journals Breathing resistance in automated metabolic systems is high in comparison with the Douglas Bag method and previous recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Ainegren ◽  
Kurt Jensen ◽  
Hans Rosdahl
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
System Design ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Breathing Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Douglas Bag ◽  
Douglas Bag Method

The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance to breathing in metabolic systems used for the distribution and measurement of pulmonary gas exchange. A mechanical lung simulator was used to standardize selected air flow rates ([Formula: see text], L/s). The delta pressure (Δ p, Pa) between the ambient air and the air inside the equipment was measured in the breathing valve’s mouthpiece adapter for four metabolic systems and four types of breathing valves. Resistance for the inspiratory and expiratory sides was calculated as RES = (Δ p/[Formula: see text]) Pa/L/s. The results for resistance showed significant ( p < 0.05) between-group variance among the tested metabolic systems, breathing valves, and between most of the completed [Formula: see text]. The lowest resistance among the metabolic systems was found for a Douglas Bag system which had approximately half of the resistance compared to the automated metabolic systems. The automated systems were found to have higher resistance even at low [Formula: see text] in comparison with previous findings and recommendations. For the hardware components, the highest resistance was found for the breathing valves, while the lowest resistance was found for the hoses. The results showed that resistance in metabolic systems can be minimized through conscious choices of system design and hardware components.

Gas Exchange in Chronic Air-flow Obstruction1,2

1984 ◽  
Vol 129 (2P2) ◽  
pp. S81-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. Jones ◽  
Leslie B. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Flow

scholarly journals Portable Through-flow Cuvette System for Measuring Whole-canopy Gas Exchange of Apple Trees in the Field

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N. Wünsche ◽  
John W. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure

A monitoring and control system for sequentially measuring whole-tree-canopy gas exchange of four apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in the field is described. A portable, highly transparent, open-top whole-canopy cuvette was developed for complete enclosure of the above-ground portion of the tree. The flux of whole-canopy CO2 and H2 0 vapor was estimated from differential CO2 concentration and H2O-vapor partial pressure between ambient/reference air entering the cuvette and analysis air leaving the cuvette, as measured by infrared gas analysis. The bulk air-flow rate through the chamber was measured with a Pitot static tube inserted into the air-supply duct and connected to a differential pressure transducer. Performance of the whole-canopy cuvette system was tested for its suitability for gas-exchange measurements under field conditions. The air flow through the whole-canopy cuvette was 22000 L·min-1 (≈5.5 air exchanges/min) during the day, providing adequate air mixing within the cuvette, and 4000 L·min-1 (≈1 air exchange/min) during the night. Daily average leaf temperatures within the cuvette were 2-3 °C higher than to those on trees outside the cuvette. Photosynthetic photon flux transmitted through the chamber walls was at least 92 % of the incident ambient radiation. Moreover, the whole-canopy cuvette was evaluated without tree enclosure to determine the degree of “noise” in differential CO2 concentration and H2O-vapor partial pressure and was found to be acceptable with ΔCO2 ± 0.3 (μmol·mol-1 and ΔH2O ± 5 Pa. Whole-canopy carbon gas exchange and transpiration of four cropping `Braeburn'/M.26 apple trees followed closely incident radiation over the course of a day.

DLCO versus DLCO/VA as predictors of pulmonary gas exchange

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
K.L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Unidirectional Air Flow Isolators A Review

1974 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Butler ◽  
B. J. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow
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