The hippocampus as a determinant structure generating epileptic activity during metrazol kindling

SummaryThe human platelet antigen (HPA) 3 system is expressed on GPIIb, one subunit of GPIIb-IIIa, the platelet fibrinogen receptor. It was recently shown that HPA-3 was associated with an Ile843/Ser polymorphism. To investigate further HPA-3 determinant structure, we localized an HPA-3a determinant, recognized by the alloantiserum Leka, within the last 29 amino acids of GPIIbα. This region encompasses the polymorphic Ile843, which, as expected, is substituted into Ser in Leka-negative individuals, as shown by DNA sequence after polymerase chain reaction on platelet RNA. In addition, contribution of glycosylation to the determinant structure was demonstrated since the Leka antigenicity was strongly decreased after specifically removing nonterminal O-linked sugars, but not terminal sialic acids. We have thus refined the localization of an HPA-3a determinant within the last 29 amino acids, including Ile843, of GPIIb heavy chain, and shown that the Leka HPA-3a determinant is dependent, in part, upon the serine-linked carbohydrates adjacent to Ile/Ser843.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Different structures involved during ictal and interictal epileptic activity in malformations of cortical development: an EEG-fMRI study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1119157.575316 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Yehezkel Ben-Ari

Keyword(s):

Cortical Development ◽

Epileptic Activity ◽

Malformations Of Cortical Development ◽

Fmri Study

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Epileptogenicity and Epileptic Activity: Mechanisms in an Invertebrate Model Nervous System

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450043345344 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 473-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

U. Altrup

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Epileptic Activity ◽

Invertebrate Model

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Design, Synthesis and Enhanced BBB Penetration Studies of L-serine-Tethered Nipecotic Acid-Prodrug

Drug Research ◽

10.1055/a-1290-0119 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meenakshi Dhanawat ◽

Sumeet Gupta ◽

Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽

Rina Das

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Activity ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gaba Uptake ◽

Nipecotic Acid ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Hydrophilic Nature ◽

Carrier Mediated Transport ◽

Ester Prodrug ◽

Hplc Data

Nipecotic acid is considered to be one of the most potent inhibitors of neuronal and glial-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake in vitro. Due to its hydrophilic nature, nipecotic acid does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Large neutral amino acids (LAT1)-knotted nipecotic acid prodrug was designed and synthesized with the aim to enhance the BBB permeation by the use of carrier-mediated transport. The synthesized prodrug was tested in animal models of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in mice. Further pain studies were carried out followed by neurotoxicity estimation by writhing and rota-rod test respectively. HPLC data suggests that the synthesized prodrug has improved penetration through BBB. Nipecotic acid-L-serine ester prodrug with considerable anti-epileptic activity, and the ability to permeate the BBB has been successfully synthesized. Graphical Abstract.

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Detection of epileptic activity in presumably normal EEG

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Baldini ◽

Francesca Pittau ◽

Gwenael Birot ◽

Vincent Rochas ◽

Miralena I Tomescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focal Epilepsy ◽

Epileptic Activity ◽

Scalp Eeg ◽

Vigilance State ◽

Explained Variance ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

Interictal Discharges ◽

The Individual ◽

Term Monitoring

Abstract Monitoring epileptic activity in the absence of interictal discharges is a major need given the well-established lack of reliability of patients’ reports of their seizures. Up to now, there are no other tools than reviewing the seizure diary; however, seizures may not be remembered or dismissed voluntarily. In the present study, we set out to determine if EEG voltage maps of epileptogenic activity in individual patients can help to identify disease activity, even if their scalp EEG appears normal. Twenty-five patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy were included. For each patient, 6 min of EEG with spikes (yes-spike) and without visually detectable epileptogenic discharges (no-spike) were selected from long-term monitoring recordings (EEG 31–37 channels). For each patient, we identified typical discharges, calculated their average and the corresponding scalp voltage map (‘spike-map’). We then fitted the spike-map for each patient on their (i) EEG epochs with visible spikes, (ii) epochs without any visible spike and (iii) EEGs of 48 controls. The global explained variance was used to estimate the presence of the spike-maps. The individual spike-map occurred more often in the spike-free EEGs of patients compared to EEGs of healthy controls (P = 0.001). Not surprisingly, this difference was higher if the EEGs contained spikes (P < 0.001). In patients, spike-maps were more frequent per second (P < 0.001) but with a shorter mean duration (P < 0.001) than in controls, for both no-spike and yes-spike EEGs. The amount of spike-maps was unrelated to clinical variables, like epilepsy severity, drug load or vigilance state. Voltage maps of spike activity are present very frequently in the scalp EEG of patients, even in presumably normal EEG. We conclude that spike-maps are a robust and potentially powerful marker to monitor subtle epileptogenic activity.

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