Developmental change of endogenous glutamate and gamma-glutamyl transferase in cultured cerebral cortical interneurons and cerebellar granule cells, and in mouse cerebral cortex and cerebellum in vivo

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elling Kvamme ◽  
Arne Schousboe ◽  
Leif Hertz ◽  
Ingeborg Aa. Torgner ◽  
Gerd Svenneby
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Cortical Interneurons ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Multisensory signals in single cerebellar granule cells in vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S20
Author(s):  
Taro Ishikawa ◽  
Misa Shimuta ◽  
Michael Hausser
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule

scholarly journals Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Promotes Cerebellar Granule Neurons Survival by Activation of the MEK/ERK/CREB Pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 5051-5063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Barneda-Zahonero ◽  
Alfredo Miñano-Molina ◽  
Nahuai Badiola ◽  
Rut Fadó ◽  
Xavier Xifró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Creb Pathway

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been implicated in the generation and postnatal differentiation of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). Here, we examined the eventual role of BMPs on the survival of these neurons. Lack of depolarization causes CGC death by apoptosis in vivo, a phenomenon that is mimicked in vitro by deprivation of high potassium in cultured CGCs. We have found that BMP-6, but not BMP-7, is able to block low potassium–mediated apoptosis in CGCs. The neuroprotective effect of BMP-6 is not accompanied by an increase of Smad translocation to the nucleus, suggesting that the canonical pathway is not involved. By contrast, activation of the MEK/ERK/CREB pathway by BMP-6 is necessary for its neuroprotective effect, which involves inhibition of caspase activity and an increase in Bcl-2 protein levels. Other pathways involved in the regulation of CGC survival, such as the c-Jun terminal kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt/PKB, were not affected by BMP-6. Moreover, failure of BMP-7 to activate the MEK/ERK/CREB pathway could explain its inability to protect CGCs from low potassium–mediated apoptosis. Thus, this study demonstrates that BMP-6 acting through the noncanonical MEK/ERK/CREB pathway plays a crucial role on CGC survival.

The absence of pleiotrophin modulates gene expression in the hippocampus in vivo and in cerebellar granule cells in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia González-Castillo ◽  
Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún ◽  
Carolina Guzmán-Brambila ◽  
Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre ◽  
Rita Raisman-Vozari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule

Cerebellar granule cells transplanted in vivo can follow physiological and unusual migratory routes to integrate into the recipient cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Martin Williams ◽  
Barbara Carletti ◽  
Ketty Leto ◽  
Lorenzo Magrassi ◽  
Ferdinando Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Migratory Routes

scholarly journals The relationship between birth timing, circuit wiring, and physiological response properties of cerebellar granule cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2101826118
Author(s):  
S. Andrew Shuster ◽  
Mark J. Wagner ◽  
Nathan Pan-Doh ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Sophie M. Grutzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Birth Timing ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Virus Tracing

Cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) are usually regarded as a uniform cell type that collectively expands the coding space of the cerebellum by integrating diverse combinations of mossy fiber inputs. Accordingly, stable molecularly or physiologically defined GrC subtypes within a single cerebellar region have not been reported. The only known cellular property that distinguishes otherwise homogeneous GrCs is the correspondence between GrC birth timing and the depth of the molecular layer to which their axons project. To determine the role birth timing plays in GrC wiring and function, we developed genetic strategies to access early- and late-born GrCs. We initiated retrograde monosynaptic rabies virus tracing from control (birth timing unrestricted), early-born, and late-born GrCs, revealing the different patterns of mossy fiber input to GrCs in vermis lobule 6 and simplex, as well as to early- and late-born GrCs of vermis lobule 6: sensory and motor nuclei provide more input to early-born GrCs, while basal pontine and cerebellar nuclei provide more input to late-born GrCs. In vivo multidepth two-photon Ca2+ imaging of axons of early- and late-born GrCs revealed representations of diverse task variables and stimuli by both populations, with modest differences in the proportions encoding movement, reward anticipation, and reward consumption. Our results suggest neither organized parallel processing nor completely random organization of mossy fiber→GrC circuitry but instead a moderate influence of birth timing on GrC wiring and encoding. Our imaging data also provide evidence that GrCs can represent generalized responses to aversive stimuli, in addition to recently described reward representations.

In vivo analysis reveals different apoptotic pathways in pre- and postmigratory cerebellar granule cells of rabbit

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lossi ◽  
Graziana Gambino ◽  
Silvia Mioletti ◽  
Adalberto Merighi
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

scholarly journals Multimodal sensory integration in single cerebellar granule cells in vivo

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Ishikawa ◽  
Misa Shimuta ◽  
Michael Häusser
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fibers ◽  
Projection Mapping ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Multimodal Signals ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Single Granule

The mammalian cerebellum is a highly multimodal structure, receiving inputs from multiple sensory modalities and integrating them during complex sensorimotor coordination tasks. Previously, using cell-type-specific anatomical projection mapping, it was shown that multimodal pathways converge onto individual cerebellar granule cells (Huang et al., 2013). Here we directly measure synaptic currents using in vivo patch-clamp recordings and confirm that a subset of single granule cells receive convergent functional multimodal (somatosensory, auditory, and visual) inputs via separate mossy fibers. Furthermore, we show that the integration of multimodal signals by granule cells can enhance action potential output. These recordings directly demonstrate functional convergence of multimodal signals onto single granule cells.

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