Defensive mechanisms of loblolly and shortleaf pine against attack by southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and its fungal associate,Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Fungal Associate

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

Response of loblolly pine to different inoculum doses of Ceratocystis minor, a blue-stain fungus associated with Dendroctonus frontalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Inducible Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Infection and invasion by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and its associated fungi stimulate the inducible defense system of loblolly pine and result in production of a hypersensitive-like lesion around the affected tissue. The length of the lesion stimulated by inoculation is not related to the amount of inoculum introduced into the tree, even with an eightfold difference. The extent of the response is greater with large inoculum doses, but that is likely to be a function of initial inoculation wound size.

THE EFFECT OF THE FUNGI CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT, CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT VAR. BARRASII TAYLOR, AND SJB 122 ON REPRODUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was studied in the laboratory to determine the influence of associated fungi on its reproduction. First-generation (P) surface-sterilized beetles associated with mycangial fungi (Ceratocystis minor [Hedgecock] Hunt var. barrasii Taylor or SJB 122) constructed more galleries and laid more eggs, at faster rates, than P beetles not associated with these mycangial fungi. No significant differences occurred among non-surface-sterilized P beetles associated with the phoretic blue staining fungus Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt and mycangial fungi or among progeny of P beetles (F1 generation) carrying mycangial fungi. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles produced more eggs at a greater density than non-surface-sterilized beetles associated with blue stain, but gallery length and the rate of construction were not different. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles laid more eggs and constructed galleries faster than surface-sterilized beetles that carried no mycangial fungi. The re-emergence rate of beetles was fastest for P beetles associated with C. minor and significantly slower for fungus-free P beetles, P beetles carrying only mycangial fungi, and F1 beetles, respectively. The F1 generation emerged fastest when associated with both mycangial fungi and slowest when associated with SJB 122, and C. minor var. barrasii or no fungus, respectively. This study employed a successful new rearing technique for isolating specific southern pine beetle/fungal associations.

WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PUPAE OF THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractRegression models of the form lnY = b0 + b1ln(X−c) + b2X are presented that describe the within-tree distribution of the pupae of Thanasimus dubius (F.), a clerid predator of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. More T. dubius pupae/100 cm2 of bark area were found in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., than in shortleaf pine, P. echinata Miller, and the number increased with increasing tree diameter class. Peak densities were found at a height of 1–4 m.

Restoration of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)-hardwood ecosystems severely impacted by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Elliott ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Jennifer D. Knoepp ◽  
Barton D. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Airborne detection of southern pine beetle damage using key spectral bands

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A Carter ◽  
Michael R Seal ◽  
Tim Haley
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Pine Beetle

Damage by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) occurs frequently in the southeastern United States and can result in tree death over large areas. A new technique for detection of SPB activity was tested for shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in the Caney Creek Wilderness, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. Digital images with 1-m pixel resolution were acquired from a light aircraft in 6- to 10-nm bandwidths centered at wavelengths of 675, 698, and 840 nm. The 675-nm band was selected to yield a maximum contrast between yellow or brown versus green foliage. The 698-nm band was selected based on its high sensitivity to leaf chlorophyll content to enable detection of less severe chlorosis in more recently damaged trees. The 840-nm band was used as a reference band that is not sensitive to chlorophyll. Images acquired within each band were calibrated to percent reflectance based on the known reflectances of a gray scale placard located on the ground. Individual trees with yellow to brown foliage were easily located in the 675- and 698-nm images. Milder chlorosis in more recently damaged pines was detected by a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that was derived from 698- and 840-nm reflectances. Although statistically significant, the contrast of recently infested trees versus undamaged trees was generally visually poor in NDVI or color composite images. This was apparently a result of the inherent variability in leaf chlorophyll content throughout the forest. The increased reflectance near 700 nm characteristic of recent damage likely would be resolved more easily in pine plantations of low species diversity. Images of a NDVI that was based on 675- and 840-nm reflectances produced the strongest contrast between heavily damaged and undamaged trees.

Bark beetle – fungal symbiosis. III. Ultrastructure of conidiogenesis in a Sporothrix ectosymbiont of the southern pine beetle

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2702-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Happ ◽  
Christine M. Happ ◽  
Stanley J. Barras
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Imperfect State ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

SJB 133 is an isolate of a variety of Ceratocystis minor that is found in a Sporothrix imperfect state as an ectosymbiont of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Within the mycangium (fungal transport pocket of the beetle), SJB 133 grows in yeast-like fashion. Cells contain prominent vacuoles which appear to bridge between dividing cells. Hypha-like transition cells are also present. In continuous culture on potato carrot agar, SJB 133 produces sympodial conidiophores. The resulting conidia are quite similar to the yeast-like cells in the mycangium and the conidiophores resemble some of the transition cells.

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