Interactions among prescribed fire, herbivore pressure and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) regeneration following southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) mortality

2006 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aerin D. Land ◽  
Lynne K. Rieske
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Herbivore Pressure

Restoration of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)-hardwood ecosystems severely impacted by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Elliott ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Jennifer D. Knoepp ◽  
Barton D. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Airborne detection of southern pine beetle damage using key spectral bands

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A Carter ◽  
Michael R Seal ◽  
Tim Haley
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Pine Beetle

Damage by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) occurs frequently in the southeastern United States and can result in tree death over large areas. A new technique for detection of SPB activity was tested for shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in the Caney Creek Wilderness, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. Digital images with 1-m pixel resolution were acquired from a light aircraft in 6- to 10-nm bandwidths centered at wavelengths of 675, 698, and 840 nm. The 675-nm band was selected to yield a maximum contrast between yellow or brown versus green foliage. The 698-nm band was selected based on its high sensitivity to leaf chlorophyll content to enable detection of less severe chlorosis in more recently damaged trees. The 840-nm band was used as a reference band that is not sensitive to chlorophyll. Images acquired within each band were calibrated to percent reflectance based on the known reflectances of a gray scale placard located on the ground. Individual trees with yellow to brown foliage were easily located in the 675- and 698-nm images. Milder chlorosis in more recently damaged pines was detected by a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that was derived from 698- and 840-nm reflectances. Although statistically significant, the contrast of recently infested trees versus undamaged trees was generally visually poor in NDVI or color composite images. This was apparently a result of the inherent variability in leaf chlorophyll content throughout the forest. The increased reflectance near 700 nm characteristic of recent damage likely would be resolved more easily in pine plantations of low species diversity. Images of a NDVI that was based on 675- and 840-nm reflectances produced the strongest contrast between heavily damaged and undamaged trees.

Temporal Relationship Between Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Pinewood Nematode Infestations in Southern Pines

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn ◽  
M. J. Linit
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

The incidence of feeding scars of the cerambycid vectors of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickel) on twigs of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pines in central Louisiana was determined. Feeding scars on twigs taken from pines felled at random were compared to those on twigs taken from pines adjacent to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) infestations. Additionally, the presence of pinewood nematode in trees attacked by southern pine beetle was followed through the course of beetle development. Significantly more cerambycid feeding scars were present on twigs of trees located near the advancing edge of a southern pine beetle infestation than on twigs not adjacent or near any known southern pine beetle infestation. From 82 to 100% of the trees sampled adjacent to bark beetle infestations had been fed upon by cerambycids. Pinewood nematodes were recovered from 79% of these trees. The incidence of nematodes in the boles of trees attacked by southern pine beetles increased as immature beetles entered their later instars. The highest incidence of nematodes was from trees recently vacated by southern pine beetles. Trees killed by the southern pine beetle may thus serve as reservoirs for the pinewood nematode and its cerambycid vectors and lead to the infestation of adjacent trees and facilitate subsequent SPB colonization.

WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PUPAE OF THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractRegression models of the form lnY = b0 + b1ln(X−c) + b2X are presented that describe the within-tree distribution of the pupae of Thanasimus dubius (F.), a clerid predator of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. More T. dubius pupae/100 cm2 of bark area were found in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., than in shortleaf pine, P. echinata Miller, and the number increased with increasing tree diameter class. Peak densities were found at a height of 1–4 m.

PARASITE AND PREDATOR COMPONENT OF WITHIN-TREE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) MORTALITY

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Linit ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Predator Complex ◽  
Parasite Complex ◽  
Insect Parasites

AbstractThe parasite and predator component of within-tree southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, mortality was investigated by mechanically excluding insect parasites and predators from the bark surface of naturally infested shortleaf, Pinus echinata Mill., and loblolly, P. taeda L., pines. Mortality caused by insect parasites and predators was determined by comparisons of five treatments that differed only in the duration of natural enemy exclusion. These natural enemies were responsible for 28.04% and 23.85% of the within-tree beetle mortality in 1978 in Arkansas and in 1979 in Georgia, respectively. Natural enemy species that arrived on the tree during the first week following mass attack by beetles caused the greatest amount of mortality.Predator density was greater than parasite density at both locations. The majority of the predator complex arrived during the first week following mass attack by beetles, while the parasite complex arrived throughout the entire period of beetle brood development.A linear response was found between the number of southern pine beetle prey and the number of prey destroyed per predator. A mean (± S.E.) of 4.79 ± 0.64 southern pine beetle immatures were destroyed by each individual predator.

scholarly journals Effects of Subzero Fahrenheit Temperatures on Southern Pine Beetle Populations in the Southern Appalachians

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iral Ragenovich
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Winter Temperatures

Abstract Several areas throughout the southern Appalachians were sampled to determine the extent of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman) brood mortality following a winter with subzero (F°) temperatures. Although 95-percent brood mortality may occur, results suggest that low winter temperatures may not be the sole reason for the decline of a southern pine beetle outbreak.

SPBCMP—A Program to Assess the Likelihood of Major Changes in the Distribution of the Southern Pine Beetle

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Michaels ◽  
David E. Sappington ◽  
Philip J. Stenger
Keyword(s):  
Computing System ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Pine Beetle

Abstract A statistical model has been developed that relates percentage change in the large area coverage of southern pine beetle outbreaks (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) to temperature and moisture status indices. It is applicable over the entire range of epidemic outbreaks during the last quarter-century. The interactive computer program, SPBCMP, can be used to assess the likelihood of major changes in coverage several months prior to the period of maximum activity. SPBCMP requires only location and four easily accessed climatic parameters. Climatic data for these driving variables can be supplied by the user obtained from a file maintained on the University of Virginia Academic Computing System. The program instructs the user on how to access that data. An additional feature of SPBCMP is that it allows for sensitivity analyses based on weather scenarios for upcoming months. South. J. Appl. For. 10:158-61, Aug. 1986.

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