Fertilizer nitrogen recovery and biological nitrogen fixation in fababean?sugar beet and spring wheat?fababean cropping sequences

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Zapata ◽  
O Cleemput
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF RESEARCH AND FARMER USE OF LEGUME-BASED PASTURES IN BRITAIN

1979 ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Large Research

Energy considerations, together with the removal of the U.K. Government's subsidy on nitrogen fertilizer, have not shifted farmer emphasis from heavy reliance on bag nitrogen. ADAS officials are still convinced that bag nitrogen rather than legume nitrogen is the answer to increased production, even though U.K. farmers are now applying nitrogen at 20 times their pre-war rates for a mere doubling of stock numbers over this period. Examples are given of farmers from different regions in Britain who are successfully basing their enterprises on legumes rather than fertilizer nitrogen, Problems of herbage legume seed multiplication are discussed, along with the prejudice legumes suffer in terms of unpredictability, persistence, disease susceptibility, bloat and oestrogenicity. There is clear need for a large research effort to be mounted in terms of biological nitrogen fixation in the U.K. The relevance to New Zealand agriculture-of a projected move of U.K. farmers away from fertilizer nitrogen is discussed in the light of the proposed Kapuni urea factory.

Enhancing Soil Nitrogen Use and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Wetland Rice

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Kundu ◽  
J. K. Ladha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

SummaryThe limited fossil fuel reserve available for manufacturing fertilizer nitrogen and the adverse effects of continued use of high fertilizer nitrogen doses on the environment call for a more efficient use of indigenous soil nitrogen. This paper presents several ways of enhancing soil nitrogen use in wetland rice. These involve utilizing nitrogen present in the deeper soil layers, increasing soil nitrogen mineralization rate, decreasing the loss of mineralized nitrogen from the rooting zone, and adjusting rice variety, soil flooding, and transplanting time. To sustain nitrogen fertility and productivity of ricelands, however, the original soil nitrogen levels must be maintained through natural resources like recycled crop residues and enhanced biological N2 fixation. Various ways of stimulating biological nitrogen fixation by both indigenous and exogenous agents are discussed. Since enhancement of soil nitrogen use in rice and maintenance of the original nitrogen level in soil by stimulating biological nitrogen fixation have not been examined together in the field, elaborate field experiments should be conducted to assess the impacts of such combined practices on long-term soil nitrogen fertility and productivity.

Biological nitrogen fixation research and technology assessment for Egypt: II. Training, research, and inoculant production

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
J. R. Sims ◽  
W. C. Lindemann ◽  
R. S. Smith ◽  
S. H. West ◽  
L. R. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

scholarly journals Functional analysis of multiple nifB genes of Paenibacillus strains in synthesis of Mo-, Fe- and V-nitrogenases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Haowei Zhang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Sanfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Deletion Analysis ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Abstract Background Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by Mo-, V- and Fe-nitrogenases that are encoded by nif, vnf and anf genes, respectively. NifB is the key protein in synthesis of the cofactors of all nitrogenases. Most diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains have only one nifB gene located in a compact nif gene cluster (nifBHDKENX(orf1)hesAnifV). But some Paenibacillus strains have multiple nifB genes and their functions are not known. Results A total of 138 nifB genes are found in the 116 diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains. Phylogeny analysis shows that these nifB genes fall into 4 classes: nifBI class including the genes (named as nifB1 genes) that are the first gene within the compact nif gene cluster, nifBII class including the genes (named as nifB2 genes) that are adjacent to anf or vnf genes, nifBIII class whose members are designated as nifB3 genes and nifBIV class whose members are named as nifB4 genes are scattered on genomes. Functional analysis by complementation of the ∆nifB mutant of P. polymyxa which has only one nifB gene has shown that both nifB1 and nifB2 are active in synthesis of Mo-nitrogenase, while nifB3 and nifB4 genes are not. Deletion analysis also has revealed that nifB1 of Paenibacillus sabinae T27 is involved in synthesis of Mo-nitrogenase, while nifB3 and nifB4 genes are not. Complementation of the P. polymyxa ∆nifBHDK mutant with the four reconstituted operons: nifB1anfHDGK, nifB2anfHDGK, nifB1vnfHDGK and nifB2vnfHDGK, has shown both that nifB1 and nifB2 were able to support synthesis of Fe- or V-nitrogenases. Transcriptional results obtained in the original Paenibacillus strains are consistent with the complementation results. Conclusions The multiple nifB genes of the diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains are divided into 4 classes. The nifB1 located in a compact nif gene cluster (nifBHDKENX(orf1)hesAnifV) and the nifB2 genes being adjacent to nif or anf or vnf genes are active in synthesis of Mo-, Fe and V-nitrogenases, but nifB3 and nifB4 are not. The reconstituted anf system comprising 8 genes (nifBanfHDGK and nifXhesAnifV) and vnf system comprising 10 genes (nifBvnfHDGKEN and nifXhesAnifV) support synthesis of Fe-nitrogenase and V-nitrogenase in Paenibacillus background, respectively.

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