Kinetic characteristics of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in cultured chick embryo spinal cord neurons

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
I. V. Mel'nik
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents

Spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the mixed culture of dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Medvedeva ◽  
N. S. Veselovsky ◽  
S. A. Fedulova ◽  
P. G. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents

Giant, TTX-insensitive, inhibitory postsynaptic currents in cultured rat spinal cord and medullary neurons

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 3341-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lewis ◽  
D. S. Faber
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Medullary Neurons

1. In whole cell patch-clamp studies on cultured rat embryonic spinal cord and medullary neurons bathed in tetrodotoxin, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, large and long-lasting spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents were occasionally recorded. The amplitudes of these events were 1 order of magnitude larger than those of spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Because these large currents had reduced amplitudes in calcium-free saline and in solutions containing glycinergic or GABAergic antagonists, we conclude that they were probably produced by large and prolonged release of glycine and/or 4-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), which subsequently bind to their postsynaptic receptors. 2. The frequency of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents increased dramatically during the long, slow decay phase of these large postsynaptic currents. Considering the requirement for extracellular calcium for the occurrence of these large responses, we hypothesize that this increased frequency reflected an increased intracellular calcium concentration in the presynaptic terminal. 3. Similar evidence for large inhibitory postsynaptic currents and prolonged transmitter release was observed in cell-attached patches, which also exhibited the smaller, spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, suggesting that these large events are properties of single synaptic terminals. 4. A comparison of the properties of these large inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in whole cell mode or cell-attached patches showed no statistically significant differences. The overall mean values, then, are 13.9 +/- 1.6 (SE) ms and 4.5 +/- 0.5 s for the 10-90% rise time and duration, respectively. Furthermore, these large events had amplitudes that were 11-fold larger than the mean amplitude of the miniatures (i.e., mean amplitude ratio of 10.8 +/- 0.5). 5. Periodic large increases in the frequency of spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents occurred in both cell-attached patches and in the whole cell mode, and these increases were only sometimes associated with the large inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The rhythmicity in both recording configurations had similar temporal characteristics, with average interburst intervals of 5 and 12–14 s. Presumably these bursts of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents reflected periodic oscillations in the Ca2+ concentration in presynaptic terminals. 6. Both the probability and the frequency of occurrence of large inhibitory postsynaptic currents doubled during the 7-day period of time in culture when experiments were performed, suggesting that these large currents may play a role during development.

Developmental decrease in neurite extension in cultured chick embryo retina and spinal cord neurons

1981 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Thompson ◽  
Stanley I. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Neurite Extension

Norepinephrine Facilitates Inhibitory Transmission in Substantia Gelatinosa of Adult Rat Spinal Cord (Part 2)

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Baba ◽  
Peter A. Goldstein ◽  
Manabu Okamoto ◽  
Tatsuro Kohno ◽  
Toyofumi Ataka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents

Background It has been reported previously that norepinephrine, when applied to the spinal cord dorsal horn, excites a subpopulation of dorsal horn neurons, presumably inhibitory interneurons. In the current study, the authors tested whether norepinephrine could activate inhibitory interneurons, specifically those that are "GABAergic." Methods A transverse slice was obtained from a segment of the lumbar spinal cord isolated from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from substantia gelatinosa neurons using the blind patch-clamp technique. The effects of norepinephrine on spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents were studied. Results In the majority of substantia gelatinosa neurons tested, norepinephrine (10-60 microM) significantly increased both the frequency and the amplitude of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These increases were blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). The effects of norepinephrine were mimicked by the alpha1-receptor agonist phenylephrine (10-80 microM) and inhibited by the alpha1-receptor-antagonist WB-4101 (0.5 microM). Primary-afferent-evoked polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials or excitatory postsynaptic currents in wide-dynamic-range neurons of the deep dorsal horn were also attenuated by phenylephrine (40 microM). Conclusion The observations suggest that GABAergic interneurons possess somatodendritic alpha1 receptors, and activation of these receptors excites inhibitory interneurons. The alpha1 actions reported herein may contribute to the analgesic action of intrathecally administered phenylephrine.

Synapsin I expression in spinal cord neurons during chick embryo development

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Plateroti ◽  
A. L. Vignoli ◽  
S. Biagioni ◽  
A. M. M. di Stasi ◽  
T. C. Petrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Synapsin I ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons

Norepinephrine Facilitates Inhibitory Transmission in Substantia Gelatinosa of Adult Rat Spinal Cord (Part 1)

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Baba ◽  
Koki Shimoji ◽  
Megumu Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Nociceptive Transmission ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents

Background The activation of descending norepinephrine-containing fibers from the brain stem inhibits nociceptive transmission at the spinal level. How these descending noradrenergic pathways exert the analgesic effect is not understood fully. Membrane hyperpolarization of substantia gelatinosa (Rexed lamina II) neurons by the activation of alpha2 receptors may account for depression of pain transmission. In addition, it is possible that norepinephrine affects transmitter release in the substantia gelatinosa. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (9-10 weeks of age, 250-300 g) were used in this study. Transverse spinal cord slices were cut from the isolated lumbar cord. The blind whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record from neurons. The effects of norepinephrine on the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents were evaluated. Results In the majority of substantia gelatinosa neurons tested, norepinephrine (10-100 microM) dose-dependently increased the frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents; miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were unaffected. This augmentation was mimicked by an alpha1-receptor agonist, phenylephrine (10-60 microM), and inhibited by alpha1-receptor antagonists prazosin (0.5 microM) and 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl) amino-methyl-1,4-benzodioxane (0.5 microM). Neither postsynaptic responsiveness to exogenously applied GABA and glycine nor the kinetics of GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents were affected by norepinephrine. Conclusion These results suggest that norepinephrine enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in the substantia gelatinosa through activation of presynaptic alpha1 receptors, thus providing a mechanism underlying the clinical use of alpha1 agonists with local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia.

scholarly journals Chick embryo spinal cord neurons synthesize a transferrin-like myotrophic protein

FEBS Letters ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn Stamatos ◽  
Joseph Squicciarini ◽  
Richard E. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons
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