Reversion of protoplasts from dikaryotic mycelium ofSchizophyllum commune

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. H. Wessels ◽  
H. L. Hoeksema ◽  
D. Stemerding
Keyword(s):  
Dikaryotic Mycelium

Tilletia foetida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

Abstract A description is provided for Tilletia foetida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Triticum, Secale, Triticale, Hordeum, Agropyron, Elymus, Sitanion, Lolium. DISEASE: Causes common bunt (stinking or covered smut) of wheat. Tilletia caries (CMI Descriptions 719) causes a virtually identical disease known by the same name. The seed contents inside the pericarp are converted to a mass of teliospores and the seed converted into a 'bunt ball' which ruptures on harvesting, releasing the black spores and the volatile compound trimethylamine which has a foul, fishy odour. Diseased plants are somewhat stunted and the heads of infected plants remain greener than those containing healthy grain and are more slender; the glumes of diseased spikelets are also spread apart. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in most countries where wheat is grown but less widespread than T. caries and not apparently in UK (CMI Map 295, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Spores are released when the grain is harvested and are dispersed by air to contaminate healthy grain and soil. Spores germinate in moist soil to produce a basidium and acicular basidiospores (primary sporidia). These fuse to produce a dikaryotic mycelium which may directly infect host seedling coleoptiles or produce further secondary sporidia.

Aspects infrastructuraux des altérations des anthères de Silene dioica parasitées par Ustilago violacea

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Audran ◽  
Mekinto Batcho
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Silene Dioica ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Ustilago Violacea ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Sporogenous Tissue ◽  
Superficial Tissues

The structural characteristics of the sporogenous and parietal tissues of healthy anthers of Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. (Caryophyllaceae) are described as well as those of anthers infected by Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Rouss. (Ustilaginales). In infected anthers, the invading dikaryotic mycelium grew intercellularly and very rarely penetrated the cells. The pathogen stopped stamen histogenesis at an early stage, causing necrosis specifically of the sporogenous tissue either directly or following hypertrophy. Five stages were distinguished during the histological modifications leading to anther destruction. (1) First, the mycelium developed in the anther filament and spread throughout the superficial tissues of the anther without causing histological changes in the anther. (2) Then, some sporogenous cells began to show necrosis and formed compact masses. (3) An increasing number of sporogenous cells became necrotic following strong vacuolisation and hypertrophy. (4) Hyphae grew profusely in the necrotic mass of sporogenic cells. (5) Finally, the fungus produced teliospores which filled the sporangial cavity.

Chemical dedikaryotization of Coprinus myceliocephalus (Agaricales)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton McClaren
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sodium Arsenate ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium

The dikaryotic mycelium of the homothallic basidiomycete Coprinus myceliocephalus Lange was treated with chemicals known to induce dedikaryotization. Two monokaryotic isolates were recovered from mycelia grown for 16 weeks in 0.042% sodium arsenate in a solid basal medium and one isolate was recovered after 3 weeks from a liquid medium containing 0.5% cholic acid. The monokaryotic cultures did not form basidiocarps, although the dikaryotic mycelium regularly fruited in culture. Monokaryotic cultures did not revert to the dikaryotic condition nor did mating occur between the paired monokaryotic forms.

Gene expression studies of the dikaryotic mycelium and primordium of Lentinula edodes by serial analysis of gene expression

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Wing Yan Chum ◽  
Kevin Tak Pan Ng ◽  
Rita Sheung Mei Shih ◽  
Chun Hang Au ◽  
Hoi Shan Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Breeding relationships among several species of Agaricus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Anderson ◽  
Dawna M. Petsche ◽  
Frank B. Herr ◽  
Paul A. Horgen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Collection ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Type Culture Collection ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles

We have examined the breeding behavior of several species of Agaricus including the cultivated A. brunnescens and the wild A. bitorquis, A. vaporarius, A. arvensis, A. campestris, A. silvicola, and A. placomyces. For A. brunnescens, two homo-karyons carrying auxotrophic mutations and compatible mating types were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. A stable, prototrophic heterokaryon was recovered by nutritional selection from a pairing of the two auxotrophic strains. The two nuclear types were recovered from the heterokaryon by the formation and regeneration of protoplasts, many of which were homokaryotic. In A. bitorquis, a distinct macroscopic interaction correlated with dikaryon formation was observed in compatible matings of single-spore isolates. Fluffy zones of dikaryotic mycelium appeared in compatible pairings where the two cultures met. Mating among monosporous isolates was specified by unifactorial heterothallism. These observations of A. bitorquis were similar to those reported by others. Pairings of isolates from different stocks indicated a minimum of eight incompatibility alleles among 10 stocks of A. bitorquis. Although migration of nuclei generally does not occur in Agaricus, one stock of A. bitorquis produced monosporous isolates with nuclei that migrated through the resident mycelium of some compatible mates. The migration was evident as a fluffy zone of dikaryotic hyphae that spread unilaterally in a pairing. Monosporous isolates of A. vaporarius showed distinct mating interactions similar to those in A. bitorquis. No mating interactions were observed in pairings of sibling monosporous isolates of any of the other species examined. When isolates of different taxonomic species were paired, no reactions suggestive of compatibility were observed between A. brunnescens, A. bitorquis, A. vaporarius, or any of the other species.

Formation and regeneration of protoplasts from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Kropp ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Osmotic Stabilizer

Protoplasts were released from dikaryotic mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor using the lytic enzyme preparation NovoZyme 234. Protoplast release depended strongly on mycelium age, osmotic stabilizer, and temperature. The protoplasts could regenerate to form both monokaryotic and dikaryotic cultures capable of forming normal ectomycorrhizae with Pinus banksiana.

INTERFERTILITY STUDIES AND INHERITANCE OF LUMINOSITY IN PANUS STYPTICUS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (8) ◽  
pp. 411-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Macrae
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Dominant Character ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
European Form ◽  
American Form

Examination of five collections of Panus stypticus (Bull.) Fries from Europe and of 10 collections from North America has corroborated the findings of other workers that the European form of this fungus is non-luminous and the American form luminous. Series of pairings in all possible combinations of monosporous mycelia from single fruit bodies have shown that both forms are heterothallic and tetrapolar. Pairings between monosporous mycelia of different collections of the American and European forms are fertile. A study of diploid mycelia and fruit bodies of the F1 generation from crosses between the luminous and non-luminous forms, and of haploid mycelia from an F1 fruit body produced by such a cross, has shown that luminosity in this species is an inherited character, that it is governed by a single pair of Mendelian factors in which luminosity is dominant over non-luminosity, and that the luminosity factors form all possible combinations with the interfertility factors. A point of special interest in the study of the inheritance of this factor is in its expression as a dominant character in the dikaryotic mycelium and fruit bodies of the F1 generation.

Axenic culture of Cronartium fusiforme from three spore forms

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2641-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Axenic Cultures ◽  
First Time

Axenic cultures of the fusiform rust fungus (Cronartium fusiforme) were initiated from basidiospores, aeciospores, and uredospores. The morphology, cytology, and nuclear condition of the mycelium from the three spore stages are described and illustrated. Cultures derived from aeciospores and uredospores of C. fusiforme are reported for the first time. An improved culture medium is described. Inoculation of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) seedlings with suspensions of mycelium from basidiospores induced some typical galls which produced pycnial exudates and aeciospores. On synthetic medium, cultures from basidiospores were monokaryotic. Mostly dikaryotic mycelium was produced from aeciospores and uredospores, but some monokaryotic hyphae were observed.

Tilletia caries. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Direct Loss ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

Abstract A description is provided for Tilletia caries[Tilletia tritici]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Aegilops, Agropyron, Bromus, Elymus, Hordeum, Poa, Secale, Sitanion, Triticum, Triticale. DISEASE: Causes common bunt (stinking or covered smut) of wheat. Tilletia foetida (CMI Descriptions 720) causes a virtually identical disease known by the same name. The grain tissues inside the pericarp are converted to a mass of black teliospores producing a 'bunt ball' as the head matures. Diseased plants may be slightly stunted, infected ears ripen slower and the glumes project more than in healthy ears. Losses are caused both by direct loss of grain and by spoilage of grain and flour by contamination with the bunt spores which are released when the crop is harvested. Bunt spores release trimethylamine which has an odour of decaying fish. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, occurs in most countries where wheat is arown (CMI Map 294, ed. 3, 1978). TRANSMISSION: Spores are released when the grain is harvested and are dispersed by air to contaminate healthy grain and soil. Spores germinate in moist soil to produce a basidium and acicular basidiospores (primary sporidia). These fuse to produce a dikaryotic mycelium which may directly infect host seedling coleoptiles or produce further secondary sporidia.

Cytomorphological studies of the pycnial and aecial stages of Cerotelium dicentrae

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-785
Author(s):  
Burton M. Berkson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium

The development of the monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia was studied cytologically. The monokaryotic mycelium of Cerotelium dicentrae appears to be systemic within the Dicentra cucullaria host plant and the dikaryotic mycelium is initiated upon pycniospore germ-tube penetration of the Dicentra leaf.

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