Changes of the phosphatidylcholine content and the number of synaptic vesicles in relation to the neurohumoral transmission in sympathetic ganglia

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1520-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Párducz ◽  
Z. Kiss ◽  
F. Joó
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia

scholarly journals SOME FEATURES OF THE SUBMICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF SYNAPSES IN FROG AND EARTHWORM

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. P. De Robertis ◽  
H. Stanley Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Synaptic Membrane ◽  
Presynaptic Membrane ◽  
Close Relationship

Electron micrographs are presented of synaptic regions encountered in sections of frog sympathetic ganglia and earthworm nerve cord neuropile. Pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements each appear to have a membrane 70 to 100 A thick, separated from each other over the synaptic area by an intermembranal space 100 to 150 A across. A granular or vesicular component, here designated the synaptic vesicles, is encountered on the presynaptic side of the synapse and consists of numerous oval or spherical bodies 200 to 500 A in diameter, with dense circumferences and lighter centers. Synaptic vesicles are encountered in close relationship to the synaptic membrane. In the earthworm neuropile elongated vesicles are found extending through perforations or gaps in the presynaptic membrane, with portions of vesicles appearing in the intermembranal space. Mitochondria are encountered in the vicinity of the synapse, and in the frog, a submicroscopic filamentary component can be seen in the presynaptic member extending up to the region where the vesicles are found, but terminating short of the synapse itself.

scholarly journals SYNAPTIC VESICLE DEPLETION AND RECOVERY IN CAT SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED IN VIVO

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Pysh ◽  
Ronald G. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Presynaptic Terminals ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Axodendritic Synapses ◽  
Absolute Decrease

This study examined the ultrastructure of presynaptic terminals after short periods of vigorous acetylcholine (ACh) secretion in the cat superior cervical ganglion in vivo. Experimental trunks of cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane were stimulated supra-maximally for periods of 15–30 min and at several frequencies including the upper physiological range (5–10 Hz). Stimulated and contralateral control ganglia from each animal were fixed by intra-arterial aldehyde perfusion, processed simultaneously, and compared by electron microscopy. Stimulation produced an absolute decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles, an enlargement of axonal surface membrane, and distinct alterations in the shape of presynaptic terminals. Virtually complete recovery occurred within 1 h after stimulation at 10 Hz for 30 min. These results support the hypothesis that ACh release at mammalian axodendritic synapses occurs by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles resulting in the incorporation of vesicle membrane into the presynaptic membrane and that synaptic vesicles subsequently are reformed from plasma membrane.

Effects of temperature on coated vesicle formation within pre-synaptic terminals in cat sympathetic ganglia stimulated in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kadota ◽  
Ken Kadota
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Ethanol Series

Many workers have shown the depletion of synaptic vesicles following nerve stimulation but there is a discrepancy among data regarding the appearance of coated vesicles attendant on the decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles (Heuser and Reese, 1973; Ceccarelli et al., 1973; Pysh and Wiley, 1974). The present experiment was an attempt to investigate the effect of temperature on stimulation dependent coated vesicle formation.Dissected cat superior cervical ganglia were incubated in Krebs solution at 10°C and 37°C respectively. Preganglionic nerves were stimulated with the electrical parameters consisting of 1 msec square pulses of 20 V at 10 Hz for 30 min. After stimulation the ganglia were fixed with 2 % 0s04 (lh). To examine the participation of the coated endocytosis on recovery processes some ganglia were stimulated at 37°C for 30 min and then rested either at 37°C or 10°C for 5 and 15 min before fixation. The fixed material were then processed for electron microscopy with conventional method consisting of uranyl acetate block stain (30 min), dehydration with ethanol series, and embedding in Epon 812.

Unusual Intranuclear Structures in Chick Sympathetic Neurons

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
E. B. Masurovsky ◽  
H. H. Benitez ◽  
M. R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Mammalian Cns

Recent light- and electron microscope studies concerned with the effects of D2O on the development of chick sympathetic ganglia in long-term, organized culture revealed the presence of rod-like fibrillar formations, and associated granulofibrillar bodies, in the nuclei of control and deuterated neurons. Similar fibrillar formations have been reported in the nuclei of certain mammalian CNS neurons; however, related granulofibrillar bodies have not been previously described. Both kinds of intranuclear structures are observed in cultures fixed either in veronal acetate-buffered 2%OsO4 (pH 7. 4), or in 3.5% glutaraldehyde followed by post-osmication. Thin sections from such Epon-embedded cultures were stained with ethanolic uranyl acetate and basic lead citrate for viewing in the electron microscope.

The Lateral Giant Fiber to Motor Giant Fiber Synapse in Crayfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Charles A. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Synaptic Contact ◽  
Giant Fiber ◽  
Synaptic Junctions

The lateral giant (LG) to motor giant (MoG) synapses in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) abdominal ganglia are the classic electrotonic synapses. They have previously been described as having synaptic vesicles and as having them on both the pre- and postsynaptic sides of symmetrical synaptic junctions. This positioning of vesicles would make these very atypical synapses, but in the present work on the crayfish Astacus pallipes the motor giant has never been found to contain any type of vesicle at its synapses with the lateral giant fiber.The lateral to motor giant fiber synapses all occur on short branches off the main giant fibers. Closely associated with these giant fiber synapses are two small presynaptic nerves which make synaptic contact with both of the giant fibers and with their small branches.

Opening images of synaptic vesicles and calcium localization by means of microwave fixation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Vinci Mizuhira ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Microwave Fixation

Microwave irradiation (MWI) was applied to 0.3 to 1 cm3 blocks of rat central nervous system at 2.45 GHz/500W for about 20 sec in a fixative, at room temperature. Fixative composed of 2% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4, also contained 2 mM of CaCl2 , 1 mM of MgCl2, and 0.1% of tannic acid for conventional observation; and fuether 30-90 mM of potassium oxalate containing fixative was applied for the detection of calcium ion localization in cells. Tissue blocks were left in the same fixative for 30 to 180 min after MWI at room temperature, then proceeded to the sampling procedure, after postfixed with osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were double stained with an useal manner. Oxalate treated sections were devided in two, stained and unstained one. The later oxalate treated unstained sections were analyzed with electron probe X-ray microanalyzer, the EDAX-PU-9800, at 40 KV accelerating voltage for 100 to 200 sec with point or selected area analyzing methods.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document