Ground deformation and gravity changes accompanying the 1982 Pozzuoli uplift

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Berrino ◽  
G. Corrado ◽  
G. Luongo ◽  
B. Toro
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Gravity Changes

Multi-objective Modeling of Ground Deformation and Gravity Changes of Volcanic Eruptions

2015 ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Piero Conca ◽  
Gilda Currenti ◽  
Giovanni Carapezza ◽  
Ciro del Negro ◽  
Jole Costanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Gravity Changes

scholarly journals Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coco ◽  
J. Gottsmann ◽  
F. Whitaker ◽  
A. Rust ◽  
G. Currenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Gravity Changes

Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in restless calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains.Informed by constraints available for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas). Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady-state value.Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

scholarly journals Minimum Detectable Mass and Volume Fluxes During Magmatic Recharge at High Prominence Volcanoes: An Application to Erciyes Dağ Volcano (Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Males ◽  
Jo Gottsmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Heterogeneity ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Magma Recharge ◽  
Ground Displacements

Magma reservoir recharge is widely recognised as a precursor of eruptive activity. However, the causative relationships between reservoir rejuvenation and surface observables such as gravitational potential field changes and ground deformation are still poorly understood. At intermediate and silicic intra-plate volcanoes where crustal mechanical heterogeneity combined with high-prominence are expected to fundamentally affect the crustal stress and strain relationship, protracted period of repose and absence of monitoring data raise questions about the detectability of magma recharge. Here we report results from integrated geodetic forward modelling of ground displacements and gravity changes from reservoir recharge at Erciyes Dağ, a large prominence (∼2,800 m), yet poorly studied, stratovolcano of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province in Turkey. The most recent eruption at ∼7000 BC, close proximity to the Kayseri Metropolitan Area and absence of dedicated volcano monitoring set a precedent to explore stealth magmatic processes at the volcano. Using finite element analysis we systematically explore the influence of subsurface mechanical heterogeneities and topography on surface deformation and gravity changes from magmatic recharge of Erciyes Dağ’s reservoir. We show that whilst crustal heterogeneity amplifies ground displacements and gravity variations, the volcano’s substantial prominence has the opposite effect. For generic reservoir pressure and density changes of 10 MPa and 10 kg m−3 predicted vertical displacements vary by a factor of 5 while residual gravity changes vary by a factor of 12 between models ignoring topography or mechanical heterogeneity and those that do not. We deduce reservoir volume and mass changes of order 10–3 km3 and 1010 kg, respectively, at the detectability limit of conventional surveying techniques at the volcano. Though dependent on model assumptions, all results indicate that magma recharge at Erciyes Dağ may go undetected at fluxes 1) sufficient to maintain an active reservoir containing eruptable magma and 2) similar to those reported for intermediate/silicic volcanoes with repose times of 100–1,000s of years (e.g., Parinacota) and persistently active mafic volcanoes such as Mt. Etna and Stromboli. Our findings may be utilised to inform integrated geodetic and gravimetric monitoring at Erciyes Dağ and other large prominence silicic volcanoes and could provide early insights into reservoir rejuvenation with implications for the development of disaster risk reduction initiatives.

Ground deformation and gravity changes accompanying the March 1981 eruption of Mount Etna

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J.O. Sanderson ◽  
G. Berrino ◽  
G. Corrado ◽  
M. Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Gravity Changes

Some Insights into Topographic, Elastic and Self-gravitation Interaction in Modelling Ground Deformation and Gravity Changes in Active Volcanic Areas

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Charco ◽  
José Fernández ◽  
Francisco Luzón ◽  
Kristy F. Tiampo ◽  
John B. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Gravity Changes

scholarly journals Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of an active caldera

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2055-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coco ◽  
J. Gottsmann ◽  
F. Whitaker ◽  
A. Rust ◽  
G. Currenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Gravity Changes

Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in active calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains. Based on data for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas). Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady state value. Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

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