Effect of carbon content on the plastic flow of plain carbon steels at elevated temperatures

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Steels

Properties of Steels as a Basis for Design for High-Temperature Service. Part I: Carbon Steels

1940 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Tapsell ◽  
A. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Physical Laboratory

The paper gives a brief account of the influence of stress, temperature, and time on the behaviour of carbon steels of about 0·15 to 0·50 per cent carbon content, and provides data as a basis for design purposes. The data given are derived from investigations carried out at the National Physical Laboratory, largely on behalf of the British Electrical and Allied Industries Research Association. Although practice has established satisfactory working stresses for carbon steels at moderately elevated temperatures—possibly up to 425 deg. C. (800 deg. F.)—it may serve a useful purpose to include herein particulars of the strength of carbon steels up to 800 deg. F. The chief purpose of the paper, however, is to assist the reader in appreciating the factors involved in estimating the useful strength of steels at higher temperatures extending to about 1,000 deg. F.

scholarly journals Internal stress created by plastic flow in mild steel, and stress-strain curves for the atomic lattice of higher carbon steels

1944 ◽  
Vol 182 (991) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Atomic Lattice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elastic Range ◽  
Residual Strains

In previous work, stress-strain curves for the atomic lattice of certain metals have been obtained from X-ray diffraction measurements of the lattice dimensions of test specimens under tension or compression, and it has been shown that when the external yield stress is exceeded, there is a systematic departure from Hooke’s Law. It is pointed out in the present paper that this departure indicates that the external applied stress above the yield is no longer balanced primarily by simple displacement of the atoms but also by a new type of secondary internal stress brought about by the process of plastic flow; and that this secondary stress, being of a permanent nature, can be measured by the residual lattice strains exhibited by the lattice after removal of the external stress. These residual strains are measured in various directions to the stress direction for mild steel subjected to tension, and it is shown that the lattice after tension exhibits a longitudinal compression and a transverse expansion in the ratio of 2:1, which means that the density of the material is thereby kept constant. Comparisons of X-ray and mechanical measurements further show that the hysteresis loop exhibited by the external stress-strain curve of mild steel after overstrain can disappear and the linear elastic relation be recovered without any corresponding change in the internal stress, which is therefore a more fundamental physical property. It is also shown that when the elastic range is extended by overstrain in tension, there is no symmetrical increase in the elastic range in subsequent compression, thus confirming the existence and direction of the secondary internal stress. Finally, the lattice stress-strain curves are also obtained for a 0.4 % C steel (partially pearlitic) and a 0.8 % C steel (pearlitic), and by comparison with the results on pure iron and 0.1 % C steel (annealed) it is shown that the maximum residual internal strain developed by the lattice increases markedly with the fineness to which the crystallites can be broken down by the plastic deformation.

Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Samsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

Influence of carbon content and carbide morphology of carbon steels on stress strain curve in vicinity of yield point

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akiyama ◽  
T. Kuboki ◽  
K. Oikawa ◽  
K. Matsui ◽  
K. Terada
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Carbide Morphology

Relationship between Coercive Force and Carbon Content of Plain Carbon Steels

Nature ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 154 (3906) ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
L. C. TAI
Keyword(s):  
Coercive Force ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Steels

Seizure resistance of phosphated coatings: Influence of carbon content and metallurgical structure of plain carbon steels

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adjerid ◽  
H. P. Hivart ◽  
J.-P. Bricout ◽  
J. Oudin ◽  
M. Traisnel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Metallurgical Structure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document