Fitting a fuzzy consensus partition to a set of partitions to analyze the modern economic growth across countries

This chapter examines the trends in economic growth and human development in Turkey during the last two centuries. Economists have learned a great deal about modern economic growth since the end of World War II. The large and growing literature has emphasized that increases in productivity, achieved through technological progress on the one hand, and increases in per capita physical capital and education levels, on the other, were the most important factors contributing to economic growth. In addition, the labor force is much better educated than in 1820. In short, technological change and higher rates of investment in both physical and human capital are seen today as the leading proximate causes of economic growth since the Industrial Revolution.

Introduction

Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198841845.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Paul Erdkamp ◽

Koenraad Verboven ◽

Arjan Zuiderhoek

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Productivity Growth ◽

Capital Goods ◽

Roman Economy ◽

Roman World ◽

Large Complex ◽

Modern Economic Growth ◽

Modern Economic

Investment in capital, both physical and financial, and innovation in its uses are often considered the linchpin of modern economic growth, while credit and credit markets now seem to determine the wealth—as well as the fate—of nations. Yet was it always thus? The Roman economy was large, complex, and sophisticated, but in terms of its structural properties, did it look anything like the economies we know today? Through consideration of the allocation and uses of capital and credit and the role of innovation in the Roman world, this volume explores how capital in its various forms was generated, allocated, and employed in the Roman economy; whether the Romans had markets for capital goods and credit; and whether investment in capital led to innovation and productivity growth.

The Porfiriato and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth

Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy ◽

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.003.0003 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 45-67

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid ◽

Jaime Ros

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Modern Economic Growth ◽

Modern Economic

Britain, the Industrial Revolution, and Modern Economic Growth

The Cambridge Economic History of the Modern World ◽

10.1017/9781316671566.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-44

Author(s):

Stephen Broadberry

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Modern Economic Growth ◽

Modern Economic

Unreal Wages? Real Income and Economic Growth in England, 1260–1850

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/uez017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 129 (623) ◽

pp. 2867-2887 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jane Humphries ◽

Jacob Weisdorf

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Real Income ◽

Annual Income ◽

Knowing How ◽

Wage Rates ◽

Modern Economic Growth ◽

Modern Economic

Abstract Estimates of historical workers’ annual incomes suffer from the fundamental problem that they are inferred from day wage rates without knowing how many days of work day-labourers undertook per year. We circumvent the problem by building an income series based on the payments made to workers employed by the year rather than by the day. Our data suggest that earlier annual income estimates based on day wages overestimate medieval labour incomes but underestimate labour incomes during the Industrial Revolution. Our revised estimates indicate that modern economic growth began more than two centuries earlier than commonly thought and was driven by an ‘Industrious Revolution’. They also suggest that the current global downturn in labour's share is not exceptional but fits within the range of historical fluctuations.