scholarly journals Outdoor education in Aotearoa New Zealand: A new vision for the twenty first century

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Vision

scholarly journals Natural monuments: rethinking arboreal heritage for twenty-first-century Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susette Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
First Century ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Critical Heritage ◽  
Heritage Discourse ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>The twenty-first century is imposing significant challenges on nature in general with the arrival of climate change, and on arboreal heritage in particular through pressures for building expansion. This thesis examines the notion of tree heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand at this current point in time and questions what it is, how it comes about, and what values, meanings and understandings and human and non-human forces are at its heart. While the acknowledgement of arboreal heritage can be regarded as the duty of all New Zealanders, its maintenance and protection are most often perceived to be the responsibility of local authorities and heritage practitioners. This study questions the validity of the evaluation methods currently employed in the tree heritage listing process, tree listing itself, and the efficacy of tree protection provisions. The thesis presents a multiple case study of discrete sites of arboreal heritage that are all associated with a single native tree species—karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus). The focus of the case studies is not on the trees themselves, however, but on the ways in which the tree sites fill the heritage roles required of them entailing an examination of the complicated networks of trees, people, events, organisations, policies and politics situated within the case studies, and within arboreal heritage itself. Accordingly, the thesis adopts a critical theoretical perspective, informed by various interpretations of Actor Network Theory and Assemblage Theory, and takes a ‘counter-’approach to the authorised heritage discourse introducing a new notion of an ‘unauthorised arboreal heritage discourse’. The thesis introduces alternative examples of arboreal heritage to the contemporary heritage canon paving the way for other forms of heritage that may remain mired in the expectations of the twentieth century’s authorised heritage discourse. In doing so it elevates arboreal heritage as a valid part of physical heritage and a worthy topic for further critical heritage study. The research findings show that in contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand trees have been active in forging links between the past, the present and the future in new and powerful ways transcending the received evaluation methods and establishing a new rhetoric of arboreal indigeneity. Through the lens of tree registers, the research contributes to a better understanding of both natural heritage and heritage in general and, while firmly placed in the New Zealand context, provides a basis for critical heritage studies of related subjects elsewhere. 2 Little has been written about arboreal heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand. As the first academic study of the topic, the thesis fills gaps in academic and professional knowledge of the tree heritage process. It introduces interdisciplinary ideas, from both the sciences and the humanities, and draws attention to tree heritage as a significant historical, social, economic, cultural and environmental contributor to the well-being of New Zealanders. The case studies demonstrate that effective, contemporary stewardship requires a revised ‘tree sense’ that acknowledges that arboreal heritage is founded on complex and various values, meanings and understandings, and is manifest in many different forms. Drawing on the archival, documentary and empirical research undertaken, the thesis proposes a democratisation of arboreal heritage decision-making, and contributes a set of principles to facilitate the negotiation of arboreal heritage acknowledgement and protection by communities, local authorities and heritage practitioners.</p>

scholarly journals As Real as the Spice Girls: Representing Identity in Twenty-first Century New Zealand Literature

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Mercer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Twenty First Century

The concept of authenticity has long been inextricable from identity in Aotearoa New Zealand, ever since Allen Curnow famously urged midtwentieth century artists to focus on the local and the specific in order to create an island nation clearly differentiated from Britain. Recent writers, however, particularly in works that have appeared since the turn of the century, are increasingly questioning just what 'authenticity' means in relation to identity. There is a marked contrast between the part-Maori, part-Pakeha protagonist in Keri Hulmes' 1984 novel the bone people, who explains that 'by blood, flesh, and inheritance, I am but an eighth Maori, by heart, spirit, and inclination, I feel all Maori', and the Fijian New Zealander in Toa Fraser's 1999 play No. 2, who insists that her Nanna is 'about as real Fijian as the Spice Girls'. Writers such as Fraser, Paula Morris and Eleanor Cattan represent identity not as inherent or authentic but as constructed and performed.

Looking Both Ways or in Multiple Directions: Doing/Teaching Theology in Context into the Twenty-First Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Century ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Twenty First Century

Aotearoa New Zealand is uniquely connected, by both history and ocean, to Oceania and its many island nations, peoples and cultures. Doing theology at the beginning of the twenty-first century in such a location provides, therefore, a particular challenge. This article explores the multi-dimensional nature of this challenge and its foundation in the very process that shaped and shapes the biblical tradition and its ongoing interpretation.

scholarly journals Natural monuments: rethinking arboreal heritage for twenty-first-century Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susette Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
First Century ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Critical Heritage ◽  
Heritage Discourse ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>The twenty-first century is imposing significant challenges on nature in general with the arrival of climate change, and on arboreal heritage in particular through pressures for building expansion. This thesis examines the notion of tree heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand at this current point in time and questions what it is, how it comes about, and what values, meanings and understandings and human and non-human forces are at its heart. While the acknowledgement of arboreal heritage can be regarded as the duty of all New Zealanders, its maintenance and protection are most often perceived to be the responsibility of local authorities and heritage practitioners. This study questions the validity of the evaluation methods currently employed in the tree heritage listing process, tree listing itself, and the efficacy of tree protection provisions. The thesis presents a multiple case study of discrete sites of arboreal heritage that are all associated with a single native tree species—karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus). The focus of the case studies is not on the trees themselves, however, but on the ways in which the tree sites fill the heritage roles required of them entailing an examination of the complicated networks of trees, people, events, organisations, policies and politics situated within the case studies, and within arboreal heritage itself. Accordingly, the thesis adopts a critical theoretical perspective, informed by various interpretations of Actor Network Theory and Assemblage Theory, and takes a ‘counter-’approach to the authorised heritage discourse introducing a new notion of an ‘unauthorised arboreal heritage discourse’. The thesis introduces alternative examples of arboreal heritage to the contemporary heritage canon paving the way for other forms of heritage that may remain mired in the expectations of the twentieth century’s authorised heritage discourse. In doing so it elevates arboreal heritage as a valid part of physical heritage and a worthy topic for further critical heritage study. The research findings show that in contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand trees have been active in forging links between the past, the present and the future in new and powerful ways transcending the received evaluation methods and establishing a new rhetoric of arboreal indigeneity. Through the lens of tree registers, the research contributes to a better understanding of both natural heritage and heritage in general and, while firmly placed in the New Zealand context, provides a basis for critical heritage studies of related subjects elsewhere. 2 Little has been written about arboreal heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand. As the first academic study of the topic, the thesis fills gaps in academic and professional knowledge of the tree heritage process. It introduces interdisciplinary ideas, from both the sciences and the humanities, and draws attention to tree heritage as a significant historical, social, economic, cultural and environmental contributor to the well-being of New Zealanders. The case studies demonstrate that effective, contemporary stewardship requires a revised ‘tree sense’ that acknowledges that arboreal heritage is founded on complex and various values, meanings and understandings, and is manifest in many different forms. Drawing on the archival, documentary and empirical research undertaken, the thesis proposes a democratisation of arboreal heritage decision-making, and contributes a set of principles to facilitate the negotiation of arboreal heritage acknowledgement and protection by communities, local authorities and heritage practitioners.</p>

Twenty First Century Africa Towards a New Vision of Self-Sustainable Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
K. P. Moseley ◽  
Ann Seidman ◽  
Frederick Anang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Vision

scholarly journals EXPLORING FRAMEWORKS FOR A HISTORY OF EARTH BUILDING IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 969-976
Author(s):  
M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Complete History

Abstract. Aotearoa New Zealand has a unique earth building heritage. For centuries, Māori used earth for floors and as a binder for fibrous walling materials. When settlers arrived in the nineteenth century, they brought earth building techniques with them, and in the early days of colonisation, earth buildings were commonplace. Many still survive, but as processed timber became readily available, building in earth declined; by the middle of the twentieth century it had almost ceased. Following renewed interest after World War Two, earth building continued into the twenty-first century, albeit as a non-standard form of construction. Databases compiled by Heritage New Zealand, Miles Allen, and the author, supplemented by accounts from a variety of sources, provide a relatively detailed record of earth buildings from all over Aotearoa but no cohesive history has yet been written. This paper considers possible approaches to writing such a history. Methodologies employed in local and international architectural histories are analysed, and a number of structural hierarchies are identified: for instance, Ronald Rael organises his material firstly by technique and then chronology in Earth Architecture, while Ted Howard uses location and then chronology for his Australasian history, Mud and Man. Information from New Zealand sources is then applied to these frameworks to arrive at an appropriate structural hierarchy for a complete history of earth building in Aotearoa.

Shared Media Histories in the British Isles: Irish-Language Media, 1900–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Regina Uí Chollatáin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Century ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Irish Language ◽  
Community Journalism ◽  
Professional Recognition ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Vision

This analysis of content, forums, and writing styles in the Irish language press spans the creation of an Irish reading public in the Irish Revival and Revolutionary period to the literary advances in the mid-twentieth century and the challenges of journalism in a minority language in twenty-first century Ireland. The first Irish language newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis (1899-1932) created a forum for public discourse and literature. Professional recognition aided high standard journalistic practices while provincial periodicals, An Lóchrann (1907), An Crann (1916), An Stoc (1917) and An Branar (1919) also brought new vision to an embryonic Irish language press. Despite a minority reading public, the Irish language print press carved its niche during the twentieth century and the English language press was a valuable ally in creating a modern Irish literature. Transnational journalism re-emerged in the 1980s with Domhnall Mac Amhlaigh’s columns from Liverpool published in the Irish Times. Foinse (1996) and Lá (1980) demonstrate that professional and community journalism had come of age by the end of the twentieth century. A necessary change of direction ensured that online journals, Beo.ie, Nósmag and Gaelscéal flagged a new era in twenty-first century Irish language journalism providing international dimensions.

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