scholarly journals Flight-call as species-specific signal in South American parrots and the effect of species relatedness in call similarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. de Araújo ◽  
Paulo A. M. Marques ◽  
Jacques M. E. Vielliard
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Specific Signal ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Slavica Stanković ◽  
Ana Obradović ◽  
Tanja Petrović ◽  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg−1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among higher taxa of parasitic worms

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Invasive Pathogens ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Parasitic Worms

Cryptic species cause problems for estimates of biodiversity. In the case of parasites, cryptic species also plague efforts to detect potential zoonotic diseases or invasive pathogens. It is crucial to determine whether the likelihood of finding cryptic species differs among higher parasite taxa, to better calibrate estimates of diversity and monitor diseases. Using published reports of cryptic species of helminth parasites identified using molecular tools, I show that the number of species found is strongly related to the number of parasite individuals sequenced, weakly influenced by the number of host species from which parasites were obtained, and unaffected by the genetic markers used. After correction for these factors, more cryptic species of trematodes are found than in other helminth taxa. Although several features distinguish trematodes from other helminths, it is probable that our inability to discriminate among sibling species of trematodes results from their lack of structures serving as species-specific morphological markers. The available data suggest that current estimates of helminth diversity may need to be doubled (tripled for trematodes) to better reflect extant diversity.

scholarly journals Restoration Scaling Approaches to Addressing Ecological Injury: The Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Baker ◽  
Adam Domanski ◽  
Terill Hollweg ◽  
Jason Murray ◽  
Diana Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Habitat Equivalency Analysis ◽  
Natural Resource Damage Assessment ◽  
As Species ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractNatural resource trustee agencies must determine how much, and what type of environmental restoration will compensate for injuries to natural resources that result from releases of hazardous substances or oil spills. To fulfill this need, trustees, and other natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) practitioners have relied on a variety of approaches, including habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) and resource equivalency analysis (REA). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method (HaBREM), which integrates REA’s reproducible injury metrics and population modeling with HEA’s comprehensive habitat approach to restoration. HaBREM is intended to evaluate injury and restoration using organisms that use the habitat to represent ecological habitat functions. This paper seeks to expand and refine the use of organism-based metrics (biomass-based REA), providing an opportunity to integrate sublethal injuries to multiple species, as well as the potential to include error rates for injury and restoration parameters. Applied by NRDA practitioners in the appropriate context, this methodology can establish the relationship between benefits of compensatory restoration projects and injuries to plant or animal species within an affected habitat. HaBREM may be most effective where there are appropriate data supporting the linkage between habitat and species gains (particularly regionally specific habitat information), as well as species-specific monitoring data and predictions on the growth, density, productivity (i.e., rate of generation of biomass or individuals), and age distributions of indicator species.

Selected mitochondrial genes as species markers of the Arctic Contracaecum osculatum complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dzido ◽  
A. Kijewska ◽  
J. Rokicki
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
As Species ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Species Markers ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThis study, aimed at testing the hypothesis that some mitochondrial genes can serve as species-specific markers, involved a comparison of the sequence variance of selected mitochondrial DNA genes of the Arctic Contracaecum osculatum species (C. osculatum A, C. osculatum B and C. osculatum C). We compared differences between five complete (ND2, CYTB, ND3, ND4L and ND6) and three partial (CO1, CO3 and ND5) protein-coding genes. The total length of the sequence of each of the 13 specimens was 4830 bp. The sample consisted of C. osculatum L3 larvae collected from Reinhardtius hippoglossoides and Gadus ogac from the Barents Sea and Davis Strait. The K2P distance values between the species ranged within 0.06–0.12, the intraspecific variability (0.01–0.03) proving 3–6 times lower. The lowest interspecific divergence was observed between C. osculatum A and C. osculatum B, whereas the highest intraspecific diversity was typical of C. osculatum C. Among the C. osculatum species studied, the highest nucleotide diversity was recorded in the CYTB, CO3 and ND5 genes. These genes may be useful in species identification of the very closely related Contracaecum sibling species.

Species differentiation in the marine sponge genus Discodermia (demospongiae: lithistida): the utility of ethanol extract profiles as species-specific chemotaxonomic markers

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kelly-Borges ◽  
Elise V. Robinson ◽  
Sarath P. Gunasekera ◽  
Malika Gunasekera ◽  
Nanda K. Gulavita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
As Species ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Species Specific

Floral Microcharacters in South American species of Senecio s.str. (Asteraceae) with considerations on the circumscription of this genus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Salomón ◽  
Marcelo Paulo Hernández ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Giugliano ◽  
Susana Edith Freire
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
As Species ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Senecio L. s.str. is the largest genus in the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and it has been commonly characterized by its truncate, penicillate stylar tips, separated stigmatic lines, and stamens usually with ecaudate anther bases and balusterform filament collar. A micromorphological study was carried out to determine if South American species of Senecio s.str. present these diagnostic micromorphological characters, as a contribution towards a circumscription of this genus supported by morphology. The study included 72 South American Senecio species from eight sections and 16 series, as well as species from six other genera of subtribe Senecioninae (Delairea, Dendrophorbium, Dendrosenecio, Graphistylis, Lomanthus, Pentacalia), three genera of subtribe Tussilagininae (Aequatorium, Nordenstamia, Roldana), and one of subtribe Brachyglottidinae (Acrisione). The studied characters include: style branches (stigmatic surface, and apices), anthers (filament collar, bases, and appendages), as well as pollen features (shape, size, and sculpture). Analyses of these characters suggested that Senecio s.str. can be defined only by the presence of balusterform filament collars, which are present in 61 out of the 72 studied Senecio s.str. species (vs. cylindrical collar in remaining species). The genera Graphistylis and Delairea also show this trait, however, Graphistylis presents some microcharacters (e.g. “banded” stigmatic surface) that are rather infrequently found in Senecio s.str. Senecio grandis showed cylindrical collars and sagittate anther bases and should be excluded from the genus. The other microcharacters analyzed appeared to be taxonomically uninformative, since their predominant states were found in Senecio s.str. as well as in other genera of Senecioneae.

Ingested double-stranded RNAs can act as species-specific insecticides

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Whyard ◽  
Aditi D. Singh ◽  
Sylvia Wong
Keyword(s):  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific
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