A constructive approach to classical mathematics

Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Seldin

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Victoria Stace

This article suggests that the "elements of the tort" approach to directors' liability in negligence to third parties should be discontinued on the basis that assumption of responsibility as a threshold test is not an element of the tort of negligence or negligent misstatement and a more constructive approach would be to address the policy issues associated with imposing liability on directors as part of the two-stage duty of care inquiry.



Author(s):  
B. Elavarasan ◽  
G. Muhiuddin ◽  
K. Porselvi ◽  
Y. B. Jun

AbstractHuman endeavours span a wide spectrum of activities which includes solving fascinating problems in the realms of engineering, arts, sciences, medical sciences, social sciences, economics and environment. To solve these problems, classical mathematics methods are insufficient. The real-world problems involve many uncertainties making them difficult to solve by classical means. The researchers world over have established new mathematical theories such as fuzzy set theory and rough set theory in order to model the uncertainties that appear in various fields mentioned above. In the recent days, soft set theory has been developed which offers a novel way of solving real world issues as the issue of setting the membership function does not arise. This comes handy in solving numerous problems and many advancements are being made now-a-days. Jun introduced hybrid structure utilizing the ideas of a fuzzy set and a soft set. It is to be noted that hybrid structures are a speculation of soft set and fuzzy set. In the present work, the notion of hybrid ideals of a near-ring is introduced. Significant work has been carried out to investigate a portion of their significant properties. These notions are characterized and their relations are established furthermore. For a hybrid left (resp., right) ideal, different left (resp., right) ideal structures of near-rings are constructed. Efforts have been undertaken to display the relations between the hybrid product and hybrid intersection. Finally, results based on homomorphic hybrid preimage of a hybrid left (resp., right) ideals are proved.



Author(s):  
Francesco de Giovanni ◽  
Marco Trombetti

AbstractLet $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X be a group class. A group G is an opponent of $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X if it is not an $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X -group, but all its proper subgroups belong to $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X . Of course, every opponent of $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X is a cohopfian group and the aim of this paper is to describe the smallest group class containing $${\mathfrak {X}}$$ X and admitting no such a kind of cohopfian groups.





1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. DA Fonseca ◽  
J. Petronilho


2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (09) ◽  
pp. 2451-2461
Author(s):  
TIFEI QIAN

The variational method has shown many advantages over the geometric method in proving the existence of connecting orbits since it requires much weaker hyperbolicity and less smoothness. Many results known to be difficult to obtain by the geometric method can now be obtained by a variational principle with relative ease. In particular, a variational principle provides a constructive approach to the existence of heteroclinic orbits. In this paper a variational principle is used to construct a heteroclinic orbit between an adjacent minimal pair of fixed points for monotone twist maps on (ℝ/ℤ) × ℝ. Application of our results to a standard map is also given.



Author(s):  
Anthony M.J Davis ◽  
Stefan G Llewellyn Smith

Motivated by problems involving diffusion through small gaps, we revisit two-dimensional eigenvalue problems with localized perturbations to Neumann boundary conditions. We recover the known result that the gravest eigenvalue is O (|ln  ϵ | −1 ), where ϵ is the ratio of the size of the hole to the length-scale of the domain, and provide a simple and constructive approach for summing the inverse logarithm terms and obtaining further corrections. Comparisons with numerical solutions obtained for special geometries, both for the Dirichlet ‘patch problem’ where the perturbation to the boundary consists of a different boundary condition and for the gap problem, confirm that this approach is a simple way of obtaining an accurate value for the gravest eigenvalue and hence the long-term outcome of the underlying diffusion problem.



2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Florina NICOARĂ ◽  
Gergonia-Cristiana BOGĂȚEANU

Abstract: Regarding the society evolution dominated by a high-level technology, we consider this article a constructive approach. The aim of the paper is to highlight a few activities/places/spots in which competences of humans/soldiers interfere with different elements of the artificial intelligence. We deem that the technological progress in the past few years has been impressive. Nowadays, thousands of activities that were mostly or exclusively executed by people can be done faster and often with greater precision using digital systems. In this instance and considering the achievement of functional compatibility between Romanian Army and forces from NATO as being a priority, the development of the technology based on artificial intelligence is vital within the defense resource management.



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