Co-seismic and Post-seismic Changes in ZTD and TEC of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akilan ◽  
S. Padhy ◽  
V. P. Dimri ◽  
H. Schuh ◽  
K. K. Abdul Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

scholarly journals Post-Earthquake Night-Time Light Piecewise (PNLP) Pattern Based on NPP/VIIRS Night-Time Light Data: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjun Gao ◽  
Yunhao Chen ◽  
Long Liang ◽  
Adu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Decomposition Procedure ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Reconstruction Rate ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

Earthquakes are unpredictable and potentially destructive natural disasters that take a long time to recover from. Monitoring post-earthquake human activity (HA) is of great significance to recovery and reconstruction work. There is a strong correlation between night-time light (NTL) and HA, which aid in the study of spatiotemporal changes in post-earthquake human activities. However, seasonal and noise impact from National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) data greatly limits their application. To tackle these issues, random noise and seasonal fluctuation of NPP/VIIRS from January 2014 to December 2018 is removed by adopting the seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess (STL). Based on the theory of post-earthquake recovery model, a post-earthquake night-time light piecewise (PNLP) pattern is explored by employing the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) monthly data. PNLP indicators, including pre-earthquake development rate (kp), recovery rate (kr1), reconstruction rate (kr2), development rate (kd), relative reconstruction rate (krp) and loss (S), are defined to describe the PNLP pattern. Furthermore, the 2015 Nepal earthquake is chosen as a case study and the spatiotemporal changes in different areas are analyzed. The results reveal that: (1) STL is an effective algorithm for obtaining HA trend from the time series of denoising NTL; (2) the PNLP pattern, divided into four phases, namely the emergency phase (EP), recovery phase (RP-1), reconstruction phase (RP-2), and development phase (DP), aptly describes the variation in post-earthquake HA; (3) PNLP indicators are capable of evaluating the recovery differences across regions. The main socio-economic factors affecting the PNLP pattern and PNLP indicators are energy source for lighting, type of building, agricultural economy, and human poverty index. Based on the NPP/VIIRS data, the PNLP pattern can reflect the periodical changes of HA after earthquakes and provide an effective means for the analysis and evaluation of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.

Post-disaster Waste Management: Lessons Learnt from 2015 Nepal Earthquake

2019 ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivesh Dugar ◽  
Sailesh Karanjit ◽  
Nawa Raj Khatiwada ◽  
Surya Man Shakya ◽  
Anish Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

International Emergency Medical Teams in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Amat Camacho ◽  
Khem Karki ◽  
Shiva Subedi ◽  
Johan von Schreeb
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

AbstractIntroduction:International Emergency Medical Teams’ (I-EMTs) response to disasters has been characterized by a late arrival, an over-focus on trauma care, and a lack of coordination and accountability mechanisms. Analysis of I-EMT performance in past and upcoming disasters is deemed necessary to improve future response.Objective:This study aimed to describe the characteristics, timing, and activities of I-EMTs deployed to the 2015 Nepal earthquake, and to assess their registration and adherence to the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Teams’ (WHO-EMT; Geneva, Switzerland) minimum standards compared to past disasters.Methods:An online literature search was performed and key web sites related to I-EMT deployments were purposively examined. The methodology used is reported following the STARLITE principles. All articles and documents in English containing information about characteristics, timing, and activities of I-EMTs during Nepal 2015 were included in the study. Data were retrieved from selected sources to compile the results following a systematic approach. The findings were validated by the Nepalese focal point for the coordination of I-EMTs after the earthquake.Results:Overall, 137 I-EMTs deployed from 36 countries. They were classified as Type I (65%), Type II (15%), Type III (1%), and specialized cells (19%). Although national teams remained the first responders, two regional I-EMTs arrived within the first 24 hours post-earthquake. According to daily reporting, the activities performed by I-EMTs included 28,372 out-patient consultations (comprising 6,073 trauma cases); 1,499 in-patient admissions; and 440 major surgeries. The activities reported by I-EMTs during their deployment were significantly lower than the capacities they offered at arrival. Over 80% of I-EMTs registered through WHO or national registration mechanisms, but daily reporting of activities by I-EMTs was low. The adherence of I-EMTs to WHO-EMT standards could not be assessed due to lack of data.Conclusion:The I-EMT response to the Nepal earthquake was quicker than in previous disasters, and registration and follow-up of I-EMTs was better. Still, there is need to improve I-EMT coordination, reporting, and quality assurance while strengthening national EMT capacity.Amat Camacho N, Karki K, Subedi S, von Schreeb J. International Emergency Medical Teams in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(3):260–264.

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