Sequencing of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene and correlation to its phenotypes in familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in North Indian population

Interferon regulatory factor 6 ( IRF6) acts as a tumor suppressor and controls cell differentiation in ectodermal and craniofacial tissues by regulating expression of target genes. Haploinsufficiency of IRF6 causes Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndrome, 2 syndromic forms of cleft lip and palate. Around 85% of patients with Van der Woude express pits on the lower lip that continuously or intermittently drain saliva, and patients with the common cleft lip and palate have a higher prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis. This study aims to identify the role of IRF6 in development of exocrine glands, specifically the major salivary glands. Our transgenic mouse model that expresses LacZ reporter under the control of the human IRF6 enhancer element showed high expression of IRF6 in major and minor salivary glands and ducts. Immunostaining data also confirmed the endogenous expression of IRF6 in the developing ductal, serous, and mucous acinar cells of salivary glands. As such, we hypothesized that Irf6 is important for proper development of salivary glands and potentially other exocrine glands. Loss of Irf6 in mice causes an increase in the proliferation level of salivary cells, disorganized branching morphogenesis, and a lack of differentiated mucous acinar cells in submandibular and sublingual glands. Expression and localization of the acinar differentiation marker MIST1 were altered in Irf6-null salivary gland and pancreas. The RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that 168 genes are differentially expressed and confer functions associated with transmembrane transporter activity, spliceosome, and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in the EGF pathway—that is, Ereg, Ltbp4, Matn1, Matn3, and Tpo—was decreased at embryonic day 14.5, while levels of apoptotic proteins were elevated at postnatal day 0. In conclusion, our data report a novel role of Irf6 in exocrine gland development and support a rationale for performing exocrine functional tests for patients with IRF6-damaging mutations.

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Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Controls Proliferation of Keratinocytes from Children with Van der Woude Syndrome

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/15-275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 281-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katherine Hixon ◽

Lindsey Rhea ◽

Jennifer Standley ◽

Frank J. Canady ◽

John W. Canady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Van Der Woude Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 ◽

Proliferating Cell

Objective Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is critical for craniofacial development, epidermal differentiation, and tissue repair. IRF6 mutations cause Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome. Individuals with VWS exhibit craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate and lip pits. Furthermore, they have an increased risk for wound-healing complications following surgical repair when compared with patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). However, nothing is known about the skin of these patients. The objective was to characterize the skin of patients with VWS. We hypothesize that IRF6 is required for proper skin homeostasis in humans. Design Discarded tissue from a hip was collected during surgical alveolar bone graft. Samples from children with VWS harboring IRF6 mutations ( n = 2) were compared with samples from children with NSCLP ( n = 7). Histology was assessed following hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expressions of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, IRF6, P63, and Keratin 10 were determined by immunofluorescence. Keratinocytes were isolated and their proliferation potential was assessed by colony-forming efficiency assay. Results Hip skin from children with VWS showed a thicker epidermis when compared with that from children with NSCLP. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen staining revealed an increase in proliferation in syndromic tissues when compared with controls. However, P63 and Keratin 10 expression were similar between groups. Finally, keratinocytes from VWS showed increased long-term proliferation when compared with NSCLP. Conclusions These results support, in vivo and in vitro, a previously described role for IRF6 in epidermal proliferation in humans. They further demonstrate a critical function for IRF6 in cutaneous homeostasis.

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Interaction between interferon regulatory factor 6 and glycine receptor beta shows a protective effect on developing nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Han Chinese population

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/eos.12587 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Di Wu ◽

Mei Wang ◽

Xingang Wang ◽

Yong-Biao Zhang ◽

Tao Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Glycine Receptor ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Han Chinese Population ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 ◽

Receptor Beta

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Mutations in P63 and IRF-6 Present with Overlapping Craniofacial Defects: A study from Lebanon

10.31487/j.ord.2019.01.04 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Mazen Kurban ◽

Edgar Jabbour ◽

Lamiaa Hamie ◽

Mazen Kurban ◽

Pamela Kassabian

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽

Craniofacial Development ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Van Der Woude Syndrome ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 ◽

Cleft Lip Palate ◽

Exon 9 ◽

Craniofacial Defects

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF-6) and p63 are two vital transcription factors implicated in normal craniofacial development. In this report, we present a family with Van Der Woude Syndrome (VWS) with a mutation in exon 9 of IRF-6 gene and a phenotypically overlapping case of Rapp-Hodgkin Syndrome (RHS) resulting from a mutation in the p63 gene. Members from both families presented with congenital lip pits and cleft lip/palate. The RHS case had additional ectodermal features that underscore the upstream nature of p63 in the complex p63-IRF-6 interactive pathway.

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