Molecular evolution of VH9 germline genes isolated from DBA, BALB, 129 and C57BL mouse strains and sublines

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Zylstra ◽  
Andrew Franklin ◽  
Karl A. Hassan ◽  
Kim L. Powell ◽  
Edward J. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
C57bl Mouse ◽  
Germline Genes

scholarly journals The mouse antibody heavy chain repertoire is germline-focused and highly variable between inbred strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1676) ◽  
pp. 20140236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Collins ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Krishna M. Roskin ◽  
Christopher P. Marquis ◽  
Katherine J. L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Germline Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Addition ◽  
Antibody Repertoires ◽  
Antibody Heavy Chain ◽  
Mouse Antibody

The human and mouse antibody repertoires are formed by identical processes, but like all small animals, mice only have sufficient lymphocytes to express a small part of the potential antibody repertoire. In this study, we determined how the heavy chain repertoires of two mouse strains are generated. Analysis of IgM- and IgG-associated VDJ rearrangements generated by high-throughput sequencing confirmed the presence of 99 functional immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genes in the C57BL/6 genome, and inferred the presence of 164 IGHV genes in the BALB/c genome. Remarkably, only five IGHV sequences were common to both strains. Compared with humans, little N nucleotide addition was seen in the junctions of mouse VDJ genes. Germline human IgG-associated IGHV genes are rare, but many murine IgG-associated IGHV genes were unmutated. Together these results suggest that the expressed mouse repertoire is more germline-focused than the human repertoire. The apparently divergent germline repertoires of the mouse strains are discussed with reference to reports that inbred mouse strains carry blocks of genes derived from each of the three subspecies of the house mouse. We hypothesize that the germline genes of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice may originally have evolved to generate distinct germline-focused antibody repertoires in the different mouse subspecies.

Analysis of experimental mouse PRNP genetic polymorphisms and their susceptibility to prion diseases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng GUAN ◽  
Zhao Wei CAI ◽  
Jun Tao AI ◽  
Jin ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
C57bl Mouse ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Icr Mouse ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Km Mouse ◽  
Balb Mouse

Research studies showed that the polymorphisms in prion protein gene (PRNP) were associated with susceptibility to prion diseases in several animals, including humans and mouse. Several mouse strains carried natural PRNP mutations which had been identified and these could provide as animal models for human prion diseases. In this study, the genetic polymorphisms of PRNP in six common mouse strains were investigated. The experimental mice included KM mouse, ICR mouse, DBA mouse, C3H/He mouse, C57BL mouse and BALB mouse. The results showed only one new polymorphism was identified compared with the reference sequence. The identified new mutation site was C564T and it was homozygous, but this locus did not result in amino acid change. Sequence analyses suggested that these six mouse strains were susceptible to prion diseases and are suitable as susceptibility models of prion diseases.

Analysis of specific factors generating 2-cell block in AKR mouse embryos

Zygote ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Yoneda ◽  
Aki Okada ◽  
Teruhiko Wakayama ◽  
Junji Ueda ◽  
Tomomasa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
C57bl Mouse ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Reconstructed Embryos ◽  
Specific Factors

SummaryThe phenomenon of the developmental arrest at the 2-cell stage of 1-cell embryos from some mouse strains during in vitro culture is known as the 2-cell block. We investigated the specific factors involved in the 2-cell block of AKR embryos by means of a modified culture system, the production of reconstructed embryos by pronuclear exchange and a cross experiment. In a culture medium with phosphate, 94.6% of 1-cell embryos from the C57BL mouse strain developed to the blastocyst stage, but 95.7% of embryos from the AKR mouse strain showed 2-cell block. Phosphate-free culture medium rescued the 2-cell block of AKR embryos and accelerated the first cell cycle of the embryos. Co-culture with BRL cells and a BRL-conditioned medium fractionated below 30 kDa also rescued the 2-cell block of AKR embryos. Examinations of in vitro development of reconstructed embryos and of embryos from F1 females between AKR and C57BL strains clearly demonstrated that the AKR cytoplast caused the 2-cell block. In the backcrossed female progeny between (AKR × C57BL) F1 males and AKR females, about three-quarters of the embryos were of the 2-cell blocking phenotype and about one-quarter were of the non-blocking phenotype. These results suggest that two genes are responsible for the 2-cell block of AKR embryos.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Molecular evolution of a cytochrome P450 for the synthesis of potential antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Bokel ◽  
Michael C. Hutter ◽  
Vlada B. Urlacher
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Effective Synthesis

Engineered cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP154E1 enables the effective synthesis of the potential antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine via N-demethylation and regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of (R)-ketamine.

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