scholarly journals Social Machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Draude ◽  
Christian Gruhl ◽  
Gerrit Hornung ◽  
Jonathan Kropf ◽  
Jörn Lamla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Machines ◽  
Social Machine

ZusammenfassungSocial Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Strukturbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert.In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Systeme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Abschließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.

scholarly journals Applying mechanical philosophy to web science: The case of social machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Smart ◽  
Kieron O’Hara ◽  
Wendy Hall
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Web Science ◽  
Social Machines ◽  
Internet Science ◽  
Mechanistic View ◽  
Social Machine

AbstractSocial machines are a prominent focus of attention for those who work in the field of Web and Internet science. Although a number of online systems have been described as social machines (examples include the likes of Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, Reddit, and Galaxy Zoo), there is, as yet, little consensus as to the precise meaning of the term “social machine.” This presents a problem for the scientific study of social machines, especially when it comes to the provision of a theoretical framework that directs, informs, and explicates the scientific and engineering activities of the social machine community. The present paper outlines an approach to understanding social machines that draws on recent work in the philosophy of science, especially work in so-called mechanical philosophy. This is what might be called a mechanistic view of social machines. According to this view, social machines are systems whose phenomena (i.e., events, states, and processes) are explained via an appeal to (online) socio-technical mechanisms. We show how this account is able to accommodate a number of existing attempts to define the social machine concept, thereby yielding an important opportunity for theoretical integration.

scholarly journals On social machines for algorithmic regulation

AI & Society ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nello Cristianini ◽  
Teresa Scantamburlo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Social Machines ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Social Machine

Abstract Autonomous mechanisms have been proposed to regulate certain aspects of society and are already being used to regulate business organisations. We take seriously recent proposals for algorithmic regulation of society, and we identify the existing technologies that can be used to implement them, most of them originally introduced in business contexts. We build on the notion of ‘social machine’ and we connect it to various ongoing trends and ideas, including crowdsourced task-work, social compiler, mechanism design, reputation management systems, and social scoring. After showing how all the building blocks of algorithmic regulation are already well in place, we discuss the possible implications for human autonomy and social order. The main contribution of this paper is to identify convergent social and technical trends that are leading towards social regulation by algorithms, and to discuss the possible social, political, and ethical consequences of taking this path.

Metaphors of Conquest: Towards the Aesthetics of Dalit Feminism through Select Texts and Contexts

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Society ◽  
Social Oppression ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Caste Politics ◽  
Class Distinction ◽  
Social Machine

One of the aims of writing dalit literature in India has been to reveal to the readers the injustice, oppression, helplessness and struggles of many of the disadvantaged populations under the social machine of stratification in India. Caste politics in India is unique and culture specific. Dalit feminism is unique in Indian context. The stratified Indian society beguiles the dalit women to the whirlpool of social oppression and exploitation. It is against any sort of class distinction. Conceiving the ideology of Dr B. R. Ambedkar: ‘Educate, agitate, organize’ dalit women write back.

Becoming Giuliana: Antonioni's Red Desert and the Capitalist Social Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Richard Letteri
Keyword(s):  
Female Protagonist ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Social Machine

This essay employs Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of the capitalist social machine to explore Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert (1964). More specifically, it addresses the psychological struggles of the film's female protagonist, Giuliana, with respect to duelling forces of capitalist deterritorialisation and Oedipal reterritorialisation. The essay also brings together Deleuze's cinema works with his and Guattari's schizoanalysis to show how Antonioni's use of the time-image itself functions as a deterritorialising force, particularly with respect to the film's pivotal island fantasy scene, where, if only momentarily, Giuliana engages in the Deleuzean act of becoming.

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