Atmospheric response to the North Atlantic Ocean variability on seasonal to decadal time scales

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2311-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Gastineau ◽  
Fabio D’Andrea ◽  
Claude Frankignoul
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Response ◽  
Ocean Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Analyzing the Influence of the North Atlantic Ocean Variability on the Atlantic Meridional Mode on Decadal Time Scales

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Sandro F. Veiga ◽  
Emanuel Giarolla ◽  
Paulo Nobre ◽  
Carlos A. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Ocean Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Important features of the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) are not fully understood. We still do not know what determines its dominant decadal variability or the complex physical processes that sustain it. Using reanalysis datasets, we investigated the influence of the North Atlantic Ocean variability on the dominant decadal periodicity that characterizes the AMM. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the correlation between the sea surface temperature decadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean and the AMM time series characterizes the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). This corroborates previous studies that demonstrated that the AMO precedes the AMM. A causal inference with a newly developed rigorous and quantitative causality analysis indicates that the AMO causes the AMM. To further understand the influence of the subsurface ocean on the AMM, the relationship between the ocean heat content (0–300 m) decadal variability and AMM was analyzed. The results show that although there is a significant zero-lag correlation between the ocean heat content in some regions of the North Atlantic (south of Greenland and in the eastern part of the North Atlantic) and the AMM, their cause-effect relationship on decadal time scales is unlikely. By correlating the AMO with the ocean heat content (0–300 m) decadal variability, the former precedes the latter; however, the causality analysis shows that the ocean heat content variability drives the AMO, corroborating several studies that point out the dominant role of the ocean heat transport convergence on AMO.

scholarly journals Multidecadal Covariability of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, African Dust, Sahel Rainfall, and Atlantic Hurricanes

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 5404-5415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzai Wang ◽  
Shenfu Dong ◽  
Amato T. Evan ◽  
Gregory R. Foltz ◽  
Sang-Ki Lee
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
African Dust ◽  
The North ◽  
Tropical North Atlantic ◽  
Sahel Rainfall ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Hurricanes

Abstract Most studies of African dust and North Atlantic climate have been limited to the short time period since the satellite era (1980 onward), precluding the examination of their relationship on longer time scales. Here a new dust dataset with the record extending back to the 1950s is used to show a multidecadal covariability of North Atlantic SST and aerosol, Sahel rainfall, and Atlantic hurricanes. When the North Atlantic Ocean was cold from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, the Sahel received less rainfall and the tropical North Atlantic experienced a high concentration of dust. The opposite was true when the North Atlantic Ocean was warm before the late 1960s and after the early 1990s. This suggests a novel mechanism for North Atlantic SST variability—a positive feedback between North Atlantic SST, African dust, and Sahel rainfall on multidecadal time scales. That is, a warm (cold) North Atlantic Ocean produces a wet (dry) condition in the Sahel and thus leads to low (high) concentration of dust in the tropical North Atlantic, which in turn warms (cools) the North Atlantic Ocean. An implication of this study is that coupled climate models need to be able to simulate this aerosol-related feedback in order to correctly simulate climate variability in the North Atlantic. Additionally, it is found that dust in the tropical North Atlantic varies inversely with the number of Atlantic hurricanes on multidecadal time scales because of the multidecadal variability of both direct and indirect influences of dust on vertical wind shear in the hurricane main development region.

scholarly journals Stratosphere-troposphere coupling at inter-decadal time scales: Implications for the North Atlantic Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Manzini ◽  
Chiara Cagnazzo ◽  
Pier Giuseppe Fogli ◽  
Alessio Bellucci ◽  
Wolfgang A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Subannual to Interannual Variabilities of SST in the North Atlantic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 5547-5564
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Li ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu ◽  
Bohua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The North ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

AbstractBased on observational data, this work examines the multi-time-scale feature of the sea surface temperature (SST) variability averaged in the whole North Atlantic Ocean (to be referred to as NASST), as well as its time-scale-dependent connections with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Traditionally, the NASST index is used to characterize the SST trend and multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic. This study found that superimposed on a prominent long-term trend, NASST is nonnegligible at subannual and interannual time scales, compared with that at decadal to multidecadal time scales. Spatially, the interannual variation of NASST is characterized by a horseshoe-like pattern of the SST anomaly (SSTA) in the North Atlantic. It is mainly a lagged response to ENSO through the atmospheric bridge, and NAO plays a secondary role. At the subannual time scale, both ENSO and NAO play a role in generating the fluctuations of NASST and a horseshoe-like pattern in the North Atlantic. Nevertheless, both the ENSO- and NAO-driven variations only explain a small fraction of the variances in both the interannual and subannual time scales. Thus, other factors unrelated to ENSO or NAO may play a more important role. The associated thermodynamical processes are similar at the two time scales; however, the dynamical processes have a significant contribution to the subannual component, but not to the interannual component. Thus, the SSTA averaged in the North Atlantic as a whole varies at different time scales and is associated with different mechanisms.

Spatiotemporal evolution of the chlorophyll a trend in the North Atlantic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yuanling Zhang ◽  
Qi Shu ◽  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

On the uncertainty of future projections of Marine Heatwave events in the North Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2056
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Plecha ◽  
Pedro M. M. Soares ◽  
Susana M. Silva-Fernandes ◽  
William Cabos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic
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