Nonlinear effect on the East Asian summer monsoon due to two coexisting anthropogenic forcing factors in eastern China: an AGCM study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3767-3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiechun Deng ◽  
Haiming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Nonlinear Effect ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
Asian Summer

scholarly journals Climatic Effects of China Large-Scale Urbanization on East Asian Summer Monsoon under Different Phases of Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yongxiao Liang ◽  
Pengfeng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Positive Phase ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Summer

The effects of urbanization over eastern China on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) under different sea surface temperature background are compared using a Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5.1). Experiments of urbanization investigated by comparing two climate simulations with and without urban land cover under both positive and negative phases of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) show the spatial distribution of precipitation with ‘southern flood and northern drought’ and weakening status of EASM. The climate effect of urbanization in eastern China is significantly different from north to south. Anomalous vertical ascending motion due to the role of urbanization in the south of 30° N have induced an increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitation increase over southern China. At the same time, the downward vertical motion occurs in the north of 30° N which cause warming over northern China. Due to the anti-cyclonic anomalies in the upper and lower layers of the north, the monsoon circulation is weakened which can reduce the precipitation. However, urbanization impact under various phases of PDO show different effect. In the 1956–1970 urbanization experiments of negative PDO phase, the downward vertical motion and anti-cyclonic anomalies in the north of 30° N are also weaker than that of positive phase of PDO in 1982–1996. In terms of this situation, the urbanization experiments of negative phase of PDO reveal that the range of the warming area over the north of 40° N is small, and the warming intensity is weak, but the precipitation change is more obvious compared with the background of positive phase of PDO.

scholarly journals Changing character of rainfall in eastern China, 1951–2007

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 2016-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Day ◽  
Inez Fung ◽  
Weihan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
East China ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Rain Events

The topography and continental configuration of East Asia favor the year-round existence of storm tracks that extend thousands of kilometers from China into the northwestern Pacific Ocean, producing zonally elongated patterns of rainfall that we call “frontal rain events.” In spring and early summer (known as “Meiyu Season”), frontal rainfall intensifies and shifts northward during a series of stages collectively known as the East Asian summer monsoon. Using a technique called the Frontal Rain Event Detection Algorithm, we create a daily catalog of all frontal rain events in east China during 1951–2007, quantify their attributes, and classify all rainfall on each day as either frontal, resulting from large-scale convergence, or nonfrontal, produced by local buoyancy, topography, or typhoons. Our climatology shows that the East Asian summer monsoon consists of a series of coupled changes in frontal rain event frequency, latitude, and daily accumulation. Furthermore, decadal changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall in east China are overwhelmingly due to changes in frontal rainfall. We attribute the “South Flood–North Drought” pattern observed beginning in the 1980s to changes in the frequency of frontal rain events, while the years 1994–2007 witnessed an uptick in event daily accumulation relative to the rest of the study years. This particular signature may reflect the relative impacts of global warming, aerosol loading, and natural variability on regional rainfall, potentially via shifting the East Asian jet stream.

scholarly journals Impacts of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Interannual Variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 8495-8514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Xiao ◽  
Anmin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Snow Albedo ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract The relationship between Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has long been discussed, but the underlying mechanism remains controversial. In this paper, the snow–albedo and snow–hydrology feedbacks over the TP are investigated based on multiple sources of snow data for the period 1979–2011. The results indicate that winter snow cover plays an important role in cooling local air temperature through the snow–albedo effect; the TP surface net solar radiation in years with above-normal snow cover is approximately 18 W m−2 less than that in below-normal snow cover years. However, data analysis demonstrates that persistent effects of winter snow cover are limited to the period from winter to spring over most parts of the central and eastern TP. Therefore, the preceding snow cover over the central and eastern TP exerts little influence over either the in situ summer atmospheric heat source or the EASM, because of its limited persistence. In contrast, the effects of winter or spring snow cover anomalies over the western TP and the Himalayas can last until summer, and these anomalies further influence the EASM by modulating moisture transport to eastern China and favoring eastward-propagating synoptic disturbances that are generated over the TP. Generally, above-normal snow cover over the western TP and the Himalayas facilitates abundant summer precipitation between the Yangtze and Yellow River basins, which is confirmed by results from a regional Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation.

scholarly journals Orographic Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian Summer Monsoon: An Energetic Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 3052-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqiang Chen ◽  
Simona Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract This paper investigates the dynamical processes through which the Tibetan Plateau (TP) influences the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) within the framework of the moist static energy (MSE) budget, using both observations and atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations. The focus is on the most prominent feature of the EASM, the so-called meiyu–baiu (MB), which is characterized by a well-defined, southwest–northeast elongated quasi-stationary rainfall band, spanning from eastern China to Japan and into the northwestern Pacific Ocean between mid-June and mid-July. Observational analyses of the MSE budget of the MB front indicate that horizontal advection of moist enthalpy, and primarily of dry enthalpy, sustains the front in a region of otherwise negative net energy input into the atmospheric column. A decomposition of the horizontal dry enthalpy advection into mean, transient, and stationary eddy fluxes identifies the longitudinal thermal gradient due to zonal asymmetries and the meridional stationary eddy velocity as the most influential factors determining the pattern of horizontal moist enthalpy advection. Numerical simulations in which the TP is either retained or removed show that the TP influences the stationary enthalpy flux, and hence the MB front, primarily by changing the meridional stationary eddy velocity, with reinforced southerly wind over the MB region and northerly wind to its north. Changes in the longitudinal thermal gradient are mainly confined to the near downstream of the TP, with the resulting changes in zonal warm air advection having a lesser impact on the rainfall in the extended MB region.

scholarly journals Timescale-dependence of the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon strength and precipitation over eastern China in the last millennium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shi ◽  
Qing Yan ◽  
Huijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Decadal Timescale ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. Precipitation/humidity proxies are widely used to reconstruct the historical East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variation based on the assumption that summer precipitation over eastern China is closely and stably linked to the strength of EASM. However, whether the observed EASM-precipitation relationship (e.g., increased precipitation with a stronger EASM) was stable throughout the past time remains unclear. In this study, we used model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase Ⅲ and Community Earth System Model to investigate the stability of the EASM-precipitation relationship over the last millennium on different timescales. The model results indicate that the EASM strength (defined as the regionally averaged meridional wind) enhanced in the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ~ 950–1250 A.D.), during which there was increased precipitation over eastern China, and weakened during the Little Ice Age (LIA; ~ 1500‒1800 A.D.), during which there was decreased precipitation, consistent with precipitation/humidity proxies. However, the simulated EASM-precipitation relationship is only stable on a centennial and longer timescale and is unstable on a multi-decadal timescale. The nonstationary multi-decadal EASM-precipitation relationship broadly exhibits a quasi-60-year period, which may be attributed to the internal variability of the climate system and have no significant correlation to external forcings. Our results have implications for understanding the discrepancy among various EASM proxies on a multi-decadal timescale and highlight the need to rethink reconstructed decadal EASM variations based on precipitation/humidity proxies.

Possible connection between the East Asian summer monsoon and a swing of the haze-fog-prone area in eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Ziqi Cao ◽  
Lifang Sheng ◽  
Yina Diao ◽  
Wencai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Asian Summer

A reconstruction of the East Asian summer monsoon index over the half past millennium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Shi ◽  
Hugues Goosse ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist ◽  
Sen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Asian Summer

<p>The EASM largely determines variations in summer precipitation in the East Asian monsoon region where approximately one-quarter of the world’s population live. A reliable East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) index covering several centuries is important in order to understand EASM dynamics. The wind-field is frequently used to calculate the EASM index during the instrumental period. However, available climate proxy data rather respond to direct precipitation changes. A gridded extended summer (May–September, MJJAS) precipitation reconstruction for China covering AD 1470–2000 is used to indirectly reconstruct two types of EASM indices (defined by the strength of the 850hPa southwesterly winds and a north-south gradient of the zonal winds), using the negative correlation between the EASM index and summer (June–August, JJA) rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China. The two EASM indices are validated by independent historical documentary data for eastern China. The physical processes ruling the EASM variability are explored, highlighting a baroclinic structure over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It includes an anticyclonic circulation accompanied by high pressure anomalies in the lower troposphere and a cyclonic circulation with low pressure anomaly in the upper troposphere. This is associated with a decrease in atmospheric water vapor content (due to divergence), which will decrease summer rainfall in the region, and contribute to the strengthen of the EASM variability. The dominated and inter-annual component of the EASM variation is possibly linked to the ‘ENSO-like’ sea surface temperature according to a data assimilation experiment performed with the Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME) simulation.</p>

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