Voxel-based computational models of real human anatomy: a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Caon
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Anatomy

A New Medical Device Modeling Framework for Predicting the Performance of Indwelling Continence Care Devices and Improving Patient Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Bodner ◽  
Walt Baxter ◽  
Christina Leung ◽  
Phillip Falkner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Improving Patient Care ◽  
Medical Device Modeling ◽  
Basic Evaluation

Abstract Computational models that incorporate human anatomy, tissue biomechanics, and experimental measurements from animals or cadavers to predict medical device performance have proven useful. Since implant choices made by clinicians and biological tissue properties can vary widely across patients, these models tend to suffer from a fundamental lack of information about such variations that impact the analysis. To demonstrate a new means of overcoming such paucity of input data, the authors focused on a tractable device concern (that of temporary continence care lead movement) and allowed input properties to vary within the bounds of experiment to generate many simulations that ultimately predicted device performance. The computational model results were then compared with experimental results to build confidence in the predictions. The results suggest that a new method considering intervals of poorly defined and highly variable biomechanical and structural modeling inputs can faithfully predict device mechanics as measured in a cadaver model. Moreover, both model and experiment suggest that a new basic evaluation lead can provide more reliable fixation compared to the predicate device.

Sequential Difficulty Effects During Strategy Execution

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Uittenhove ◽  
Patrick Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Strategy Execution ◽  
Strategy Performance ◽  
Empirical Implications

In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that strategy performance on a given trial is influenced by the difficulty of the strategy executed on the immediately preceding trial, an effect that we call strategy sequential difficulty effect. Participants’ task was to provide approximate sums to two-digit addition problems by using cued rounding strategies. Results showed that performance was poorer after a difficult strategy than after an easy strategy. Our results have important theoretical and empirical implications for computational models of strategy choices and for furthering our understanding of strategic variations in arithmetic as well as in human cognition in general.

Does Viotin Activate Violin More Than Viocin?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Young Readers

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.

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