Correlation of fat embolism severity and subcutaneous fatty tissue crushing and bone fractures

The aim of the study was to analyze positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: backs (B; n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05) between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however, the measures of skeletal transversality, voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32), endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are expected.

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Detection and volume estimation of artificial hematomas in the subcutaneous fatty tissue: comparison of different MR sequences at 3.0 T

Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12024-017-9847-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Kathrin Ogris ◽

Andreas Petrovic ◽

Sylvia Scheicher ◽

Hanna Sprenger ◽

Martin Urschler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volume Estimation ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue ◽

3.0 T ◽

Mr Sequences

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Complications of fractures

10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012002 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

James Wilson-MacDonald ◽

Andrew James

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Fat Embolism ◽

Gas Gangrene ◽

Long Bone ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Embolism Syndrome ◽

Tissue Removal ◽

Trophic Changes ◽

Prolonged Pain ◽

Deep Vein

♦ Fat embolism syndrome is defined as the presence of globules of fat in the lungs and in other tissues and occurs occasionally in long bone fractures♦ Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is characterized by intense prolonged pain, vasomotor disturbance, delayed functional recovery, and trophic changes♦ Avascular necrosis typically affects intra-articular bone after fracture and can occur in up to 70% of displaced talar neck fractures♦ Immobility associated with recovery from fracture is associated with deep vein thrombosis, which carries a risk of pulmonary embolism, and should be treated with anti-coagulants♦ Gas gangrene is a rapidly-spreading infection of devitalized tissue, removal of the affected area and treatment with penicillin is required♦ Compartment syndrome within a closed compartment can result in tissue ischaemia and necrosis followed by fibrosis and muscle contracture

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IN VITRO STUDIES ON ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF STEROID ESTERS IN THE FEMALE ORGANISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0810839 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 839-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Otto Bellmann ◽

Hans-Jürgen Duhme ◽

Erich Gerhards

Keyword(s):

Water Solubility ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Human Myometrium ◽

Vaginal Mucosa ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Enzymatic Cleavage ◽

Cleavage Rate ◽

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue ◽

Long Chain

ABSTRACT The decreasing water-solubility of steroid esters concomitant with increasing chain length of monocarboxylic acids provides a prolonged therapeutic effect of the steroid. Whether a slow release of the steroid from an oily depot in the muscle or a secondary storage of the ester in the body fat ("deep compartment") are responsible for this prolonged action, is open to discussion. The aim of this study was to investigate the steroid ester cleaving enzyme activity of human subcutaneous fatty tissue. The following steroid esters were investigated: Testosterone acetate and oenanthate, metenolone acetate and oenanthate, norethisterone acetate and oenanthate, dehydroepiandrosterone acetate and oenanthate, fluocortolone acetate and caproate. In the 10 000 x g supernatant phase of the female subcutaneous fatty tissue the rate of enzymatic cleavage of the long-chain oenanthates was considerably greater than that of the corresponding short-chain steroid esters. The nature and position of the ester group in the steroid molecule exhibited a marked effect on the rate of enzymatic cleavage of steroid esters. The cleavage rate of long- and short-chain steroid esters in human myometrium and endometrium resembled that in the fatty tissue. On the other hand, the gastric mucosa, rectus musculature, placenta and vaginal mucosa split the short-chain steroid esters more rapidly than the long-chain esters. The marked differences in the relation of the cleavage rate of long- and short-chain steroid esters in the various tissues allow the assumption that long- and short-chain steroid esters are cleaved by different enzymes.

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Cerebral fat embolism after bone fractures

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60064-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 386 (10001) ◽

pp. e16 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jurjan Aman ◽

Laurien van Koppenhagen ◽

Alexander M Snoek ◽

Johannes G van der Hoeven ◽

Ary-Jan van der Lely

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Fat Embolism

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Diabetic microangiopathy in subcutaneous fatty tissue

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0560.1987.tb01336.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Sueki

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Microangiopathy ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue

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A randomized controlled trial of closure or non-closure of subcutaneous fatty tissue after midline vertical incision

Journal of Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.28982/josam.905018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 426-428

Author(s):

Mehmet BAYRAK ◽

Hakan OZAN

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Vertical Incision ◽

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue

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The share of tissues in the pig round depending on the genotype, gender and season

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1904367r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 367-375

Author(s):

Cedomir Radovic ◽

Marija Gogic ◽

Nenad Katanic ◽

Mirko Novakovic ◽

Dragan Radojkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Average Weight ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Large White ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Breed Crosses

The study included 201 offspring (108 castrated males and 93 females) of Landrace (L), Large White (LW) and Pietrain (P) sires. The studied animals were of following genotype: Landrace (L; n = 48); two breed crosses with 50:50 share of parental breeds (LWxL, n=32; and PxL, n=23), two breed crosses with 75% of paternal breed [Lx(?LWxL), n=35] and [LWx(?LxWL) n=38] and three breed crosses [Px(?LWxL) n=25]. Animals included in this study were born during four seasons: winter (n=38), spring (n=65), summer (n=40) and autumn (n=58). Studies have shown that, at an average weight of warm carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest average values for the weight of round (RW; 10.204 kg), the weight of intermuscular fatty tissue (RINT; 0.478 kg), bone tissue (RBT; 0.850 kg) and muscle tissue (RMT, 7.552 kg) in the round, were established in three-breed crosses of Px (LWxL) genotype compared to other genotypes. The least skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue (RST; 1.269 kg) was recorded in two breed crosses PxL. They had less skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue by 454 g and 467 grams, respectively, compared to two breed crosses (LWxL) and LWx (?LxLW). Research has shown that there is a genotype on a farm that gives more muscle tissue in the round by 1.521 kg [Px (?LWxL): LWx (?LWxL)] with the same weight of warm carcass side, which is a very large difference. With the same average weight of warm carcass side, female animals had higher average weight of the round and yield of muscle tissue compared to male castrated animals. The effect of genotype (P<0.001) on all investigated traits was recorded, also the effect of the season of birth on the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue and on the weight of intermuscular fat in the round was recorded. The effect of sex/gender was significant (P<0.01) on the weight of skin and subcutaneous fat and on the weight of the muscle tissues in the round but no significant effect on other tested properties (P> 0.05) was observed.

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