Differences in School Performance Between Only Children and Non-only Children: Evidence From China

This study aimed to investigate the features of only child status related to physical health, mathematics achievement, and school feelings and expectations from a different perspective. A representative sample of 91,619 Grade 4 students with an average age of 10.4 ± 0.7, among which 28,631 were only children, were assessed. We used propensity score matching (PSM) and the average treatment effects on the treatment to analyze data. The treatment was the only child of a family. The results indicated that only children have better academic achievement and school feelings (only for urban only child girls), while non-only children have better physical status and anaerobic fitness (AF). In addition, gender and rural vs. urban areas differences were also explored. The adverse situation for rural only boys is emphasized for families, researchers, and governments to focus on. Some suggestions are given under the Two- and Three-Child Policy.

Impact of ageing on female metabolic flexibility: a cross-sectional pilot study in over-60 active women

Background Ageing influences the metabolic flexibility, albeit the physical status could determine this relationship. This cross-sectional study aims to describe and analyse the metabolic flexibility/inflexibility in a group of active older women, together with the impact of ageing and physical status on their oxidation rates and maximal fat oxidation (MFO). Methods Fifteen volunteers (69.00±6.97 years) from 24 women, completed an incremental cycling test until the second ventilatory threshold. Intensity increased 10W each 3min–15sec, starting at 30W. Gas exchange, heart rate, rate of perceived effort, pain scale and muscle power were registered, together with lactate. VO2 and VCO2 were considered for Fat and CHO oxidation (FATox & CHOox; Frayn’s equation) at the intensities 60%, 80% and 100% from the peak of power in the test (P100). Psychophysiological parameters were compared at MFO/FATmax and P100, together with the main correlation analyses, with and without P100 and VO2 as covariates. Results FATox was low at MFO (0.13; 95%CI [0.09-0.17] g·min−1·kg; 5.61 [3.59-7.63] g·min−1·kg FFM), with a shifting down and leftward of a short oxidation-rate curves. CHOox and FATox were both low for a reduced power with age (77.14±18.58 W & 39.29±9.17 W at P100 and MFO respectively), pointing to metabolic inflexibility in older women despite being active. Notwithstanding, the negative correlation between age and MFO (r=-0.54, p=0.04; R2=0.29) disappeared when normalized with P100 (r=-0.17, p=0.53), which was in turn strongly and negatively associated to age (r=-0.85, p<0.005; R2=0.72). P100 was also positive and moderately associated to MFO (r=0.71, p=0.01; R2=0.50). Conclusions Despite the inflexibility with age, physical status (i.e., larger muscular power) suggest a key role in the preservation of the metabolic health with aging in active women.

Whole Genome Assembly of Human Papillomavirus by Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causal agent for most cervical cancers. The physical status of the HPV genome in these cancers could be episomal, integrated, or both. HPV integration could serve as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Although whole-genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such as the Illumina sequencing platform, have been used for detecting integrated HPV genome in cervical cancer, it faces challenges of analyzing long repeats and translocated sequences. In contrast, Oxford nanopore sequencing technology can generate ultra-long reads, which could be a very useful tool for determining HPV genome sequence and its physical status in cervical cancer. As a proof of concept, in this study, we completed whole genome sequencing from a cervical cancer tissue and a CaSki cell line with Oxford Nanopore Technologies. From the cervical cancer tissue, a 7,894 bp-long HPV35 genomic sequence was assembled from 678 reads at 97-fold coverage of HPV genome, sharing 99.96% identity with the HPV sequence obtained by Sanger sequencing. A 7904 bp-long HPV16 genomic sequence was assembled from data generated from the CaSki cell line at 3857-fold coverage, sharing 99.99% identity with the reference genome (NCBI: U89348). Intriguingly, long reads generated by nanopore sequencing directly revealed chimeric cellular–viral sequences and concatemeric genomic sequences, leading to the discovery of 448 unique integration breakpoints in the CaSki cell line and 60 breakpoints in the cervical cancer sample. Taken together, nanopore sequencing is a unique tool to identify HPV sequences and would shed light on the physical status of HPV genome in its associated cancers.

Regional Anesthesia for Abdominal Surgery in a Patient with Severe Chronic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report

General anesthesia is associated with a risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. The risk is even higher in patients with chronic respiratory failure, and postoperative mortality rates are high. Proper perioperative anesthetic management is important in such patients. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the patient’s physical status before anesthesia and to determine the optimal anesthesia technique based on the pre-anesthesia evaluation of the patient’s pulmonary function. We successfully performed abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia in a patient with severe chronic respiratory failure.

Synthesis of Insulin Loaded Nanoparticles and Their Antidiabetic Studies

The goal of this present work turned into synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles from natural polymeric material. Natural polymeric nanoparticles have some unique physicochemical properties like stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and manage the drug release, so it’s used for drug transport. On this look natural polymeric material Casein and Chitosan are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Insulin drug was introduced to these polymeric nanoparticles, which are used for the drug delivery. These drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles are synthesised by nano precipitation technique. The particles size of drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles based totally the rate of stirring and time of nanoparticles synthesised. Insulin was used as a drug and Glutaraldehyde was used as a linking agent. This insulin drug becomes adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles. Those drug loaded nanoparticles are characterized by FT-IR spectrum and physical status is analysis by means of XRD pattern. The morphology of the drug loaded nanoparticles is studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From those characterisation studies insulin drug was efficaciously loaded with the nanoparticles. It has high inhibitory property towards kind II diabetics.

Effect of Anti-Emetic Combination of Sevoflurane / Propofol Anesthesia Technique in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Objective: To assess symptoms of nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy post-operatively, administered anesthesia by sevoflurane or propofol and to assess the effect of dexamethasone and ondansetron anti-emetic combination. Study design & Setting: It was an experimental study design conducted from 08-Oct-2017 till 11-Jul-2018 at Rawal General & Dental Hospital. Methodology: Patients were recruited in interventional groups by lottery method as n=160, with 80 cases allocated in each group. The patients with gallstones planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy after preoperative assessment were classified to American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status class I-II. All the patients placed in a particular ASA physical status class were (exposed to both induction methods) either anesthetic induction by propofol 1-2 mg/kg (group-A) or by employing sevoflurane 4-8% (group-B) in combination with oxygen, while maintenance was done in both study groups with 2% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After procedure patients stayed in post-anesthesia care unit where intra-operative monitoring was evaluated. The primary end point of the study was to note the rate of nausea and vomiting in 24 hours interval after surgery. Results: Both sevoflurane and propofol are equally effective anesthetic induction agents. The same combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron was given to both groups and so the actual effect of both anesthesia drugs in terms of side effects were nullified. Conclusion: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both sevoflurane and propofol are good enough when administered with dexamethasone and ondansetron anti-emetic combination, for post-operative nausea and vomiting up to 24 hours observation time in study.

Updated classification of the physical condition of patients of the american society of anesthesiologists

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification of Physical Status is a widely used system for assessing the preoperative status of patients. The ASA class definitions have been amended several times since 1941, which caused some difficulties in using the classification. There are some difficulties in the assessments, especially between the III and IIIII classes of the ASA. To overcome this problem, clinical samples presented in the latest edition of the classification play a significant role. In this article, we have presented an updated classification of the physical condition of patients on the ASA scale before anesthesia and surgery, which is sufficiently simple, reproducible, and can be successfully used not only in adults, but also in pediatric and obstetric anesthesiology.

Surgical risk assessment in Hiv-infected patients treated within the penitentiary system of Kemerovo region

Aim. To assess the surgical risk in HIV-infected patients who received the surgical treatment within the penitentiary system of Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analysed the physical status and the extent of surgical risk in 296 HIV-infected patients who underwent elective (n = 201) or emergency (n = 95) surgery in Hospital №1 (Kemerovo) from 2015 to 2018. Physical status was assessed according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System. Surgical risk was scored according to Moscow Scientific Society of Anesthesiologists and Critical Care.Results. The majority of patients had 3 (48.4 and 36.3% in emergency and elective patients, respectively) or 4a (30.5 and 45.8% in emergency and elective patients, respectively) stages of HIV infection. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 49.3% of patients and were always accompanied by superficial mycoses. Physical status of most patients (47.4% and 63.7% in emergency and elective patients, respectively) corresponded to ASA physical status class 3. Emergency patients mainly had surgical risk class 3 (n = 50, 52.6%) while elective patients often had surgical risk class 2 (n = 106, 52.7%). The prevalence of postoperative complications, most often impaired wound healing, was 9.8%.Conclusion. More than 80% of HIV-infected patients who underwent surgical interventions within the penitentiary system of Kuzbass were at III or IV stages of HIV infection, entailing a high frequency of opportunistic diseases such as superficial mycoses and dictating the need to include antifungal treatment into the surgical treatment. Impaired wound healing was the most frequent postoperative complication.

Religious and Cultural Features of Church Records of Civil Statusparish Registers

This article is an attempt to review religious and cultural features and to find published images on the pages of parish registers of different creeds. To determine and study the relevant and cultural features of the information recording in the parish registers, we considered appropriate to consolidate the comparative and historical-cultural method. The interest of scholars and novelty are proved due to the extremely large information potential of the church reports of civil status, considering their large array in the state archives and satisfactory physical status, suitable for appendage.The study of ecclesiastical acts of civil status makes it possible to study the religious and cultural peculiarities via the records characteristic for representatives of different religions. We should separately mention the peculiarities of the entries in parish registers of the Orthodox population regarding the veneration of holy figures according to the church calendar, which impacted the naming of newborns. Jewish records are characterized by the rite of circumcision of newborn boys and records as for a marriage contract (“ksubba / ktubba”).German-language parish registers attract attention to the double names given to newborn babies, the obligation to declare an forthcoming marriage, and the presence of family information in records of the deceased.