scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk profile in non-obese children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Di Sessa ◽  
Giovanni Messina ◽  
Ilaria Bitetti ◽  
Costanza Falanga ◽  
Giovanni Farello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk profile in non-obese children with obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Di Sessa ◽  
Giovanni Messina ◽  
Ilaria Bitetti ◽  
Costanza Falanga ◽  
Giovanni Farello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in childhood is a complex disease primarily due both to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and pediatric obesity. Notably, inflammation has been recognized as one of the most important shared pathogenic factor between obesity and OSAS resulting in an increased cardiometabolic risk for these patients. To date, evidence is still limited in non-obese population with OSAS. We aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk profile of a pediatric population of non-obese subjects affected by OSAS. A total of 128 school-aged children (mean age 9.70 ± 3.43) diagnosed with OSAS and 213 non-OSAS children (mean age 9.52 ± 3.35) as control group were enrolled. All subjects underwent a complete clinical and biochemical assessment (including white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV),% of neutrophils (NEU%), C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid, fasting insulin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin levels) . A significant association between inflammation markers (including WBC, PLT, MPV, NEU%, ferritin, CPR, and ESR) and OSAS was found (all p < 0.001). Children with OSAS also showed increased transaminase, glucose, uric acid, and insulin levels (all p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggested a worse cardiometabolic profile in non-obese children with OSAS. Given the pivotal pathogenic role of inflammation both for hypoxiemia and metabolic derangements, therapeutic strategies for OSAS might also counteract the increased cardiometabolic risk of these patients, by improving their long-term quality of life.

scholarly journals MR Image Analytics to Characterize the Upper Airway Structure in Obese Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0159327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubing Tong ◽  
Jayaram K. Udupa ◽  
Sanghun Sin ◽  
Zhengbing Liu ◽  
E. Paul Wileyto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mr Image ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Airway Structure

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Emanuela di di Palmo ◽  
Emanuele Filice ◽  
Alessandra Cavallo ◽  
Carlo Caffarelli ◽  
Giulio Maltoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing, reaching worldwide levels of 5.6% in girls and of 7.8% in boys. Several evidences showed that obesity is a major preventable risk factor and disease modifier of some respiratory conditions such as asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Co-occurrence of asthma and obesity may be due to common pathogenetic factors including exposure to air pollutants and tobacco smoking, Western diet, and low Vitamin D levels. Lung growth and dysanapsis phenomenon in asthmatic obese children play a role in impaired respiratory function which appears to be different than in adults. Genes involved in both asthma and obesity have been identified, though a gene-by-environment interaction has not been properly investigated yet. The identification of modifiable environmental factors influencing gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may change the natural history of both diseases. Another important pediatric respiratory condition associated with obesity is Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB), especially Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). OSAS and obesity are linked by a bidirectional causality, where the effects of one affect the other. The factors most involved in the association between OSAS and obesity are oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota. In OSAS pathogenesis, obesity’s role appears to be mainly due to mechanical factors leading to an increase of respiratory work at night-time. However, a causal link between obesity-related inflammatory state and OSAS pathogenesis still needs to be properly confirmed. To prevent obesity and its complications, family education and precocious lifestyle changes are critical. A healthy diet may lead to an improved quality of life in obese children suffering from respiratory diseases. The present review aimed to investigate the links between obesity, asthma and OSAS, focusing on the available evidence and looking for future research fields.

scholarly journals Anterior nasal resistance in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 2640-2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghun Sin ◽  
David M. Wootton ◽  
Joseph M. McDonough ◽  
Kiran Nandalike ◽  
Raanan Arens
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

scholarly journals Childhood obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raanan Arens ◽  
Hiren Muzumdar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

The increasing prevalence of obesity in children seems to be associated with an increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to this association include the following: adenotonsillar hypertrophy due to increased somatic growth, increased critical airway closing pressure, altered chest wall mechanics, and abnormalities of ventilatory control. However, the details of these mechanisms and their interactions have not been elucidated. In addition, obesity and OSAS are both associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a constellation of features such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states. There is some evidence that OSAS may contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome with a potential for significant morbidity. The treatment of OSAS in obese children has not been standardized. Adenotonsillectomy is considered the primary intervention followed by continuous positive airway pressure treatment if OSAS persists. Other methods such as oral appliances, surgery, positional therapy, and weight loss may be beneficial for individual subjects. The present review discusses these issues and suggests an approach to the management of obese children with snoring and possible OSAS.

Postoperative monitoring of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (18) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pálma Benedek ◽  
Gabriella Kiss ◽  
Eszter Csábi ◽  
Gábor Katona
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Introduction: Treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is surgical. The incidence of postoperative respiratory complications in this population is 5–25%. Aim: The aim of the authors was to present the preoperative evaluation and monitoring procedure elaborated in Heim Pál Children Hospital, Budapest. Method: 142 patients were involved in the study. Patient history was obtained and physical examination was performed in all cases. Thereafter, polysomnography was carried out, the severity of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was determined, and the patients underwent tonsilloadenotomy. Results: 45 patients with mild, 50 patients with moderate and 47 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were diagnosed. There was no complication in patients with mild disease, while complications were observed in 6 patients in the moderate group and 24 patients in the severe group (desaturation, apnea, stridor, stop breathing) (p<0.000). In patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, no significant difference was noted in preoperative apnoea-hypapnea index (p = 0.23) and in nadir oxygen saturation values (p = 0.73) between patients with and without complication. Conclusions: Patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be treated in hospital where pediatric intensive care unit is available. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(18), 703–707.

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