The Prevalence of High- and Low-Risk Types of HPV in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and Healthy Individuals Living in Poland

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with the potential to infect human epithelial cells and an etiological agent of many types of cancer, including head and neck cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), patients with chronic tonsillitis, and healthy individuals, and to establish high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in these groups. The objectives also comprised the delineation of the relationship between the infection with high- or low-risk HPV subtypes and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics of the study groups. This study was composed of 76 patients diagnosed with HNSCC, 71 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and 168 cases without either of these conditions (the control group). HPV detection and identification of subtypes were performed on isolated DNA using a test which allowed detection of 33 common high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes. The prevalence of HPV infection was 42.1%, 25.4%, and 37.5% in HNSCC, chronic tonsillitis, and control groups, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype in all groups and the non-oncogenic HPV 43/44 was frequent in HNSCC patients. This analysis provides insight into the prevalence of oral oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPVs in patients with head and neck cancer, patients with chronic tonsillitis and healthy individuals, and leads to the conclusion that further investigations are warranted to examine a larger cohort of patients focusing on high- and low-risk HPV genotypes. Efforts should be focused on screening and prevention strategies, and therefore, it is important to introduce tools for effective detection of HPV genotypes. Furthermore, given the role of vaccines against oral HPV infection, our observations lead to the suggestion that HPV vaccination should be of considerable importance in public health strategies.

Smell for some lorrhea diseases

The state of smell was determined in chronic tonsillitis, rheumatism, acute catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, influenza, sinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis, curvature of the nasal septum, otogenic brain abscess, otitis media, concussion. For the study, we used the olfactometers developed by us, into which air is pumped by an air blower and further through the tube enters the respiratory tract of the subject. In the device, a different concentration of an odorous substance necessary for research is created. The subject has a sensation of smell and its disappearance.

Biofilms as a complication of the hyaluronic acid contouring procedure in cosmetology. A clinical case

Biofilms are a complication of the hyaluronic acid contouring procedure in cosmetology. A clinical case of complications of the contouring plastic surgery procedure against the background of chronic tonsillitis is described

Comparative therapeutic evaluation of two Unani formulations in the management of Chronic Tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease found worldwide mostly in school going children. There are many challenges in the management of chronic tonsillitis especially in refractory cases. There are many single as well compound drugs for the management of tonsillitis which are being used for a longer duration without any known side effect. A randomized open comparative study was designed to validate the efficacy of two very commonly prescribed formulations in the patients of chronic tonsillitis viz. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari 6 gm and Sharbat Toot Siyah 20 ml were given orally twice a day to the patients of Group A & Group B respectively for 6 weeks continuously. The data was compiled and statistically analyzed using chi square test and paired t-test. In test group A, maximum benefit was seen in Sore throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =48.81), followed by Irritation in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), Pain in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), dry cough (p=0.0002, χ2 =14.35) and dysphagia (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12). In test group B, maximum benefit was observed in sore throat (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12), followed by notable improvement in irritation in throat (p=0.0014, χ2 =10.15), and pain in throat (p=0.0098, χ2 =6.67). Although both Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah are effective, but Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari is a better option for the management of chronic tonsillitis; as it relives most of the symptoms & signs very effectively and safely. Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, Unani formulation, Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari, Sharbat Toot Siyah

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Tonsillitis in Children: an Evidence Based Case Reports

Background: vitamin D has an important influence on the host’s immune system by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity and regulating the inflammatory cascade. Vitamin D deficiency may be related with reduced immunomodulation, specifically in preventing the occurrence of chronic tonsillitis. Objective: to identify the association between vitamin D deficiency with chronic tonsillitis in pediatric patients. Methods: the search was conducted with advanced searching on PubMed® and Cochrane® according to the clinical question. The screening of title and abstract using inclusion and exclusion criteria, double filter, and reading full text led to six useful articles. The selected studies were critically appraised for validity, importance, and applicability. Results: three original articles were eligible for this evidence-based case report. All studies were considered to have good validity. All three studies reported an increased risk of chronic tonsillitis with the vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the increased risk of chronic or recurrent tonsillitis in children.

CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF YAVAKSHARA PRATISARANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TUNDIKERI (CHRONIC TONSILLITIS)

Introduction: The symptoms of Tundikeri resembles with Chronic Tonsillitis. This disease is more frequent in young and middle aged adults. If not treated in time, chronic tonsillitis may lead to Middle ear infection, Rheumatic fever, Nephritis, Rheumatic heart disease and many other systemic complications.Looking into above facts there is a need of treatment which can prevent complications of the disease as well as reduces the recurrence effectively. In this study an effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of Yavakshara pratisarana in Tundikeri (Chronic Tonsillitis). Materials and methods: The present study was an open labelled, single arm, clinical study in Tundikeri (Chronic Tonsillitis) (n=30) selected using convenience sampling technique with pre and post design conducted in a tertiary Ayurveda healthcare centre attached to a teaching institute, situated at the district headquarters in South India. 31 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria suffering from Tundikeri w s r to Chronic Tonsillitis were selected with the intervention of Yavakshara pratisarana in single sitting. Results: The effect of therapy was assessed before and after treatment, the results were statistically analyzed; it showed significant changes in subjective parameters like Katina shopha,Mandaruk ,Galaragata,Galoparodha ,Halitosis,Enlarged Jugulodigastric lymph nodes, and Objective parameter- ESR Conclusion: Yavakshara pratisarana has shown better efficacy in subjective parameters likeKatinashopha,Mandaruk,Galaragata,Galoparodha,Halitosis,EnlargedJugulodaigastric lymph nodes , and Objective parameter like- ESR KEY WORDS: Tundikeri, Yava kshara, Pratisarana.

Etiological issues of chronic tonsillitis

Хронический тонзиллит характеризуется воспалительным процессом инфекционного генеза, но конкретный возбудитель до настоящего времени не идентифицирован. Продолжают появляться публикации, содержащие новые сведения о спектре микрофлоры в нёбных миндалинах. В обзоре представлены наиболее интересные из них. Этиологическое значение в развитии хронического тонзиллита какого-либо одного или ассоциации нескольких микроорганизмов пока остаётся обсуждаемым. Обращает на себя внимание обилие видов микроорганизмов, представителей всех царств микробов, которые сопровождают хроническое воспаление и гипертрофию нёбных миндалин. Кроме того, имеются сведения о нарушении барьерной функции системы иммунитета при данном заболевании. Обсуждается вопрос, чему принадлежит инициирующая роль в формировании хронического тонзиллита - патогенной активности микрофлоры или изначальному ослаблению иммунной защиты организма. Это обусловливает трудности в диагностике, необходимой для принятия решения о выборе способа лечения. Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by the inflammatory process of infectious genesis, however, a specific pathogen has not been identified yet. Publications that continue to appear contain new information about the spectrum of microflora in the tonsils. This review presents the most interesting of them. The etiological significance of any single microorganism or an association of several ones in the development of chronic tonsillitis is still under discussion. Of interest is the abundance of microorganism species that represent all three kingdoms of microbes and accompany chronic inflammation and hypertrophy of the tonsils. In addition, information is available about disturbance of the barrier function of the immune system in this disease. A question is debated whether the development of chronic tonsillitis is initiated primarily by the pathogenic activity of microflora or by the initial weakening of the immune defense. This leads to difficulties in the diagnosis required to make a decision on the choice of treatment.

Total or partial tonsillar resection (tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy) to change the quality of life for adults with recurrent or chronic tonsillitis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background Tonsillar surgery has been used for decades to treat recurrent and chronic tonsillitis in adults. Recurrent and chronic tonsillitis result in disturbing symptoms, treatment costs, sick leave, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Theoretically, removing all or part of the altered pathological palatal lymphoid tissue alleviates the symptoms and enhances the QoL. Whether this is true with total or partial tonsillar resection (tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TT), respectively) has not been reported in a randomised trial yet. Methods We conduct a multicentre, partly blinded, randomised, 6-month, parallel-group clinical study including 285 adult participants referred to surgical treatment for chronic or recurrent tonsillitis. The participants will either have TE, TT or watchful waiting (WW). The primary outcome will be the difference between the mean disease-specific Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory-14 (QoL questionnaire) scores at 6 months. Comparison is made firstly between the combined TE+TT and WW groups (superiority analysis), and secondly between the TE and TT groups (non-inferiority analysis). Discussion This study will add significant new information to the effects and harms of TE and TT procedures in the treatment of adults with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04657549

1261 Incidence and Risk of Post Tonsillectomy Bleeds for Tonsillitis And/Or Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy) In Adult Patients

Aim Determine the incidence of post tonsillectomy bleeds (PTB) in patients 16 years and over with a background of tonsillitis and/or quinsy. Explore factors that can increase the risk of a haemorrhage. Assess the operation notes for completeness. Method A retrospective review was conducted of 30 tonsillectomies for quinsy and recurrent or chronic tonsillitis from the 01/08/20 to 10/12/20. They were followed up for 28 days. Patient notes including operation notes were reviewed. Results Following surgery 8 out of the 30 patients (26.7%) had a secondary PTB. There were no primary PTB. 4 out of the 8 patients (50%) had to return to theatre to arrest the haemorrhage. The median time was 6 days post-op. Only 1 PTB (12.5%) occurred following a cold dissection and the other 7 (87.5%) following electro dissection. This equated to 39% of the electro dissections resulting in PTB compared to 8.3% of the cold techniques. There were 6 robot-assisted surgeries with 3 (50%) resulting in a haemorrhage. Just over a third (35%) of patients 25 years of age and over had a PTB vs. 10% of those under 25. Only 1 out of the 30 operation notes was completed fully. Examples of details omitted are estimated bloods loss, power settings, findings, and indications. Conclusions A 3.5 times greater rate of PTB is seen in those aged 25 years and over. Hot techniques, in particular those that were robot-assisted, showed a higher incidence of haemorrhages. A pro forma should be utilised to improve the completeness of operation notes.