Island size, isolation, or interspecific competition? The breeding distribution of the Parus guild in the Danish archipelago

Oecologia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wiggins ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Breeding Distribution

scholarly journals Climate, ecological release and bill dimorphism in an island songbird

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 20130118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Greenberg ◽  
Raymond M. Danner
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Ecological Release ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
High Summer Temperature ◽  
Competition For Food

Sexual size dimorphism is expected to be more pronounced in vertebrates on islands, particularly in trophic characters, as a response to decreased interspecific competition for food. We found (based on measurements of 1423 museum specimens) that bill size dimorphism was greater in island than mainland populations of song sparrows. However, dimorphism varied among islands and was positively correlated with high summer temperature and island size. Island song sparrow bills follow the overall positive temperature bill size relationship for California song sparrows, which includes larger bills on large, warmer islands. Large bills dissipate more heat and may be an adaptation to summer heat stress. Dimorphism increases because the slope for males is greater than females. Thus, the greater magnitude of bill dimorphism on islands with warmer summers may result from males experiencing greater thermal stress during territorial activity, creating different thermal optima. In contrast, bill dimorphism was unrelated to climate on the mainland. We hypothesize that reduced interspecific competition releases island populations from a constraint so that sex-specific physiological optima can be achieved, whereas mainland birds are constrained.

How the future climate may modulate the non-breeding distribution of a Vulnerable gadfly petrel

2018 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
L Krüger ◽  
JM Pereira ◽  
I Ramírez ◽  
JA Ramos ◽  
VH Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Future Climate ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
The Future

Interspecific competition between Rhinocyllus conicus and Urophora soistitialis L on nodding thistle in Canterbury

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
C.J. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Microctonus Aethiopoides

Nodding thistle receptacle weevil Rhinocyllus conicus and gallfly Urophora solstitialis attack the capitula of nodding thistle Carduus nutans L Between 31 October and 15 December 2003 the phenology of both R conicus and U solstitialis was studied at a dryland site in Canterbury Adult R conicus were more numerous than U solstitialis on capitula throughout the experiment Larvae of R conicus were first found on 11 November (15 of capitula infested) and peaked on 2 December with 53 of capitula infested Only 3 of capitula were infested by U solstitialis Adult R conicus or U solstitialis emerged from 79 of the selected primary and secondary capitula The majority of infested capitula (81) contained only R conicus 2 contained only U solstitialis while 17 contained both insect species Parasitism of R conicus by the braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides was low and occurred when most weevil eggs had been laid

scholarly journals Web-Mediated Interspecific Competition Among Spider Mites

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Morimoto ◽  
H. Furuichi ◽  
S. Yano ◽  
Mh. Osakabe
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Spider Mites

Effect Of Phosphorus On Ge/Si(001) Island Formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore I. Kamins ◽  
Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro ◽  
Douglas A. A. Ohlberg ◽  
R. Stanley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Intermediate Size

ABSTRACTWhen Ge is deposited epitaxially on Si, the strain energy from the lattice mismatch causes the Ge in layers thicker than about four monolayers to form distinctive, three-dimensional islands. The shape of the islands is determined by the energies of the surface facets, facet edges, and interfaces. When phosphorus is added during the deposition, the surface energies change, modifying the island shapes and sizes, as well as the deposition process. When phosphine is introduced to the germane/hydrogen ambient during Ge deposition, the deposition rate decreases because of competitive adsorption. The steady-state deposition rate is not reached for thin layers. The deposited, doped layers contain three different island shapes, as do undoped layers; however, the island size for each shape is smaller for the doped layers than for the corresponding undoped layers. The intermediate-size islands are the most significant; the intermediate-size doped islands are of the same family as the undoped, multifaceted “dome” structures, but are considerably smaller. The largest doped islands appear to be related to the defective “superdomes” discussed for undoped islands. The distribution between the different island shapes depends on the phosphine partial pressure. At higher partial pressures, the smaller structures are absent. Phosphorus appears to act as a mild surfactant, suppressing small islands.

scholarly journals Maternal effects and the outcome of interspecific competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Van Allen ◽  
Natalie Jones ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert ◽  
Kelly Carscadden ◽  
Rachel Germain
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Maternal Effects
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