Cellulases and pectinases act together on the development of articulated laticifers in Ficus montana and Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ribeiro Marinho ◽  
Simone Pádua Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Articulated Laticifers ◽  
Ficus Montana

scholarly journals Only pollinator fig wasps have males that collaborate to release their females from figs of an Asian fig tree

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Suleman ◽  
Shazia Raja ◽  
Stephen G. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Exit Hole ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
Ficus Montana ◽  
The Relationship

Male insects rarely collaborate with each other, but pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are said to be an exception. Immature fig wasps feed on galled ovules located inside figs, the inflorescences of Ficus species (Moraceae). After mating, adult pollinator males chew communal exit-holes that allow mated females (which are often also their siblings) to escape. Figs also support non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs), some of which produce exit-holes independently. We determined whether collaboration between pollinator males ( Kradibia tentacularis from Ficus montana ) was necessary for the release of their females, and used the relationship between male numbers and likelihood of success to measure the extent of cooperation during exit-hole production. These attributes were then compared with those of an NPFW ( Sycoscapter sp.) from the same host plant. Pollinators were more abundant than NPFW, but their more female-biased sex ratio meant male pollinator densities were only slightly higher. Individual males of both species could produce an exit-hole. Single males of the NPFW were just as successful as single male pollinators, but only male pollinators cooperated effectively, becoming more successful as their numbers increased. The lack of cooperation among NPFW may be linked to their earlier period of intense inter-male aggression.

Articulated laticifers in the vegetative organs of Mandevilla atroviolacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Lucas Barbosa Lopes ◽  
Marcela Thadeo ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo ◽  
Arlete Aparecida Soares ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
The Family ◽  
Articulated Laticifers ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
First Time

The occurrence of nonarticulated laticifers has been recorded in the literature for Apocynaceae, but little information is available on their structure and the chemical compounds in their latex. The objective of this study was to describe, anatomically and histochemically, the laticifers and latex found in the roots, stems, and leaves of Mandevilla atroviolacea (Stadelm) Woodson, a genus in the Apocynaceae. Laticifer anatomy was examined by light microscopy, and the chemical nature of the exuded latex was studied using cytochemistry. Articulated laticifers were present in M. atroviolacea. The lactiferous system in stems and leaves originated from both procambium and ground meristem, and it was determined to be functional, as indicated by changes in the cytoplasm immediately subsequent to its formation. However, in tuberous roots, laticifers originated from the vascular cambium, phellogen, and parenchymatous cortical cells. The primary wall of laticifers consists of pectins and cellulose and is thicker than that of adjacent cells. The laticifer secretion contained an emulsion of lipophilic substances rich in neutral lipids, resin oils, and possibly rubber. The presence of articulated laticifers is reported for the first time for Apocynoideae, contributing to the knowledge and understanding of these structures in the family Apocynaceae.

Distribution and Organization of Articulated Laticifers in Calystegia silvatica (Convolvulaceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Condon ◽  
B. A. Fineran
Keyword(s):  
Articulated Laticifers

scholarly journals Laticifer systems in Mandevilla illustris and M. velutina apocynaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Gloria ◽  
Maria E. Maranhão Estelita
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Articulated Laticifers ◽  
São Paulo State

Two <em>Apocynaceae</em> species from savanna (Cerrado) area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil were studied. In both Mandevilla species examined, the laticifer systems are of non-articulated branched type, characteristic of the family. In vegetative organs reported was the occurrence of a primary laticifer system of which the cells were differentiated in the embryo. However, additional laticifer cells were always produced during the growth of the shoot apex. A secondary laticiferous system produced by the cells of vascular cambium was identified in the tuberous root and in the stem. A proposed discussion on this apparently unique record in <em>Apocynaceae</em> was arisen to evaluate the main distinction between articulated and non-articulated laticifers.

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