Influence of chronic inflammation in peripheral target tissue on recovery of crushed nerve injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Kato ◽  
Koichi Nemoto ◽  
Masahisa Kawaguchi ◽  
Masatoshi Amako ◽  
Hiroshi Arino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Crushed Nerve

FAILURE OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE TO ELICIT SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE FEMALE CAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA A. CERNY
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Target Organs

Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A. (Received 28 March 1977) Testosterones have stimulatory effects on peripheral target tissue and sexual behaviour in male and female rats (Beach, 1942), guinea-pigs (Young, 1961; Diamond & Young, 1963), rabbits (Palka & Sawyer, 1966; Beyer & Rivaud, 1973) and cats (Green, Clemente & de Groot, 1957; Young, 1961; Whalen & Hardy, 1970). 5α-Androstan-17β-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) has stimulatory effects on peripheral target organs, and like testosterones, a negative feedback effect on the pituitary gland and hypothalamus (Feder, 1971). No behavioural effects were seen in male or female rats when DHT was injected systemically (Beyer, Morali & Cruz, 1971; Feder, 1971) nor in the male rat when it was administered intracerebrally (Johnston & Davidson, 1972). Many experiments support the hypothesis that only androgens that can be aromatized to oestrogens can elicit sexual behaviour and

scholarly journals Mechano- and thermosensitivity of injured muscle afferents 20 to 80 days after nerve injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1889-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tode ◽  
Irina Kirillova-Woytke ◽  
Vanessa H. Rausch ◽  
Ralf Baron ◽  
Wilfrid Jänig
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Ectopic Activity ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Injured Nerve ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Muscle Nerve

Chronic injury of limb nerves leading to neuropathic pain affects deep somatic nerves. Here the functional properties of injured afferent fibers in the lateral gastrocnemius-soleus nerve were investigated 20 and 80 days after suturing the central stump of this muscle nerve to the distal stump of the sural nerve in anesthetized rats. Neurophysiological recordings were made from afferent axons identified in either the sciatic nerve (87 A-, 63 C-fibers) or the dorsal root L4/L5 (52 A-, 26 C-fibers) by electrical stimulation of the injured nerve. About 70% of the functionally identified A-fibers had regenerated into skin by 80 days after nerve suture; the remaining A-fibers could be activated only from the injured nerve. In contrast, 93% of the functionally identified C-fibers could only be activated from the injured sural nerve after 80 days. Nearly half of the injured A- (45%) and C-fibers (44%) exhibited ongoing and/or mechanically or thermally evoked activity. Because ~50% of the A- and C-fibers are somatomotor or sympathetic postganglionic axons, respectively, probably all injured muscle afferent A- and C-fibers developed ectopic activity. Ongoing activity was present in 17% of the A- and 46% of the C-fibers. Mechanosensitivity was present in most injured A- (99%) and C-fibers (85%), whereas thermosensitivity was more common in C-fibers (cold 46%, heat 47%) than in A-fibers (cold 18%, heat 12%). Practically all thermosensitive A-fibers and C-fibers were also mechanosensitive. Thus, unlike cutaneous axons, almost all A- and C-fibers afferents in injured muscle nerves demonstrate ectopic activity, even chronically after nerve injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY After chronic injury of a muscle nerve, allowing the nerve fibers to regenerate to the target tissue, 1) most afferent A-fibers are mechanosensitive and regenerate to the target tissue; 2) ectopic ongoing activity, cold sensitivity, and heat sensitivity significantly decrease with time after injury in A-afferents; 3) most afferent C-fibers do not regenerate to the target tissue; and 4) injured C-afferents maintain the patterns of ectopic discharge properties they already show soon after nerve injury.

scholarly journals Low-frequency electroacupncture improves locomotor function after sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Key-Moon Shin ◽  
Il-Gyu Ko ◽  
Sung-Eun Kim ◽  
Jun-Jang Jin ◽  
Lakkyong Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Locomotor Function ◽  
Crushed Nerve

scholarly journals Diosgenin improves functional recovery from sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Ki Lee ◽  
Chang-Ju Kim ◽  
Mal-Soon Shin ◽  
Young Sam Cho
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Crushed Nerve

scholarly journals SP prevents T2DM complications by immunomodulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Min Baek ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Suna Kim ◽  
Youngsook Son ◽  
Hyun Sook Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Bone Marrow Stem Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Marrow Stem Cell

Abstract Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by systemic inflammation and insulin resistance due to obesity, and this leads to critical complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy. This study explored the therapeutic effect of substance-p (SP), a neuropeptide, on T2DM progression and its complications. To examine whether SP affects glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation, and retinopathy, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF, 27 weeks old) with chronic inflammation, obesity, and impaired bone marrow stem cell pool was selected. SP was intravenously injected and its effect was evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after the SP injection. OLETF had typical symptoms of T2DM, including obesity, chronic inflammation, and poor glycemic control. However, SP treatment inhibited the body-weight gain and reduced circulating levels of free fatty acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride, ameliorating the obese environment. SP could suppress inflammation and rejuvenate bone marrow stem cell in OLETF rats. SP-mediated metabolic/immunological change could resolve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Histopathological analysis confirmed that SP treatment alleviated the dysfunction of target tissue with insulin resistance. OLETF rats have retinal damage from 27 weeks of age, which was reliably aggravated at 31 weeks. However, SP treatment could restore the damaged retina, sustaining its structure similarly to that of non-diabetic rats. In conclusion, systemic application of SP is capable contribute to the inhibition of the progression of T2DM and diabetic retinopathy.

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