scholarly journals Correction to: Families in the COVID‑19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences—results of a representative survey in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Calvano ◽  
Lara Engelke ◽  
Jessica Di Bella ◽  
Jana Kindermann ◽  
Babette Renneberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parent Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences—results of a representative survey in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Calvano ◽  
Lara Engelke ◽  
Jessica Di Bella ◽  
Jana Kindermann ◽  
Babette Renneberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Witnessing Domestic Violence

AbstractParenting during the COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging, with parents having to meet various demands simultaneously. An increase in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been widely predicted, but empirical evidence is still scarce. This study aimed to (1) generate representative data on pandemic-related stress, parental stress, general stress, parental subjective and mental health, and the occurrence of ACEs; (2) identify risk factors for an increase in ACEs, and (3) provide qualitative data on parents’ experiences. A representative survey was conducted in Germany in August 2020 with 1024 parents of underage children (Mage = 41.70, 50.9% female). More than 50% of parents reported being stressed by social distancing and the closure of schools and childcare facilities. Parental stress increased significantly during the pandemic (d = 0.21). Subgroups of parents also reported very high levels of depressive symptoms (12.3%) and anxiety (9.7%). Up to one-third of the sample reported ACEs in the child’s lifetime. In this group, 29.1% reported an increase in children witnessing domestic violence during the pandemic, and 42.2% an increase verbal emotional abuse. These families were characterized by higher parental stress, job losses, and younger parent and child age. Positive aspects of the pandemic related primarily to personal or family life (e.g. slower pace of life, increase in family time). While some parents coped well, a particularly negative pattern was observed in a subgroup of families that experienced an increase in ACEs. Parental stress emerged as important target point for interventions addressing the negative sequelae of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and depression among women in rural Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine LeMasters ◽  
Lisa M. Bates ◽  
Esther O. Chung ◽  
John A. Gallis ◽  
Ashley Hagaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Background Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a common pathway to adult depression. This pathway is particularly important during the perinatal period when women are at an elevated risk for depression. However, this relationship has not been explored in South Asia. This study estimates the association between ACEs and women’s (N = 889) depression at 36 months postpartum in rural Pakistan. Method Data come from the Bachpan Cohort study. To capture ACEs, an adapted version of the ACE-International Questionnaire was used. Women’s depression was measured using both major depressive episodes (MDE) and depressive symptom severity. To assess the relationship between ACEs and depression, log-Poisson models were used for MDE and linear regression models for symptom severity. Results The majority (58%) of women experienced at least one ACE domain, most commonly home violence (38.3%), followed by neglect (20.1%). Women experiencing four or more ACEs had the most pronounced elevation of symptom severity (β = 3.90; 95% CL = 2.13, 5.67) and MDE (PR = 2.43; 95% CL = 1.37, 4.32). Symptom severity (β = 2.88; 95% CL = 1.46, 4.31), and MDE (PR = 2.01; 95% CL = 1.27, 3.18) were greater for those experiencing community violence or family distress (β = 2.04; 95%; CL = 0.83, 3.25) (PR = 1.77; 95% CL = 1.12, 2.79). Conclusions Findings suggest that ACEs are substantively distinct and have unique relationships to depression. They signal a need to address women’s ACEs as part of perinatal mental health interventions and highlight women’s lifelong experiences as important factors to understanding current mental health. Trial registration NCT02111915. Registered 11 April 2014. NCT02658994. Registered 22 January 2016. Both trials were prospectively registered.

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