Climate Records, Isotopes, and C:N Stoichiometry Reveal Carbon and Nitrogen Flux Dynamics Differ Between Functional Groups of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Although ectomycorrhizal fungi play an important role in forest ecosystem functioning, they are usually not included in forest growth or ecosystem models. Simulation is hampered by two main issues: a lack of understanding of the ecological functioning of the ectomycorrhizal fungi and a lack of adequate basic data for parameterization and validation. Concerning these issues, much progress has been made during the past few years, but this information has not found its way into the forest and soil models. In this paper, state-of-the-art insight into ectomycorrhizal functioning and basic values are described in a manner transparent to nonspecialists and modelers, together with the existing models and model strategies. As such, this paper can be the starting point and the motivator to include ectomycorrhizal fungi into existing soil and forest ecosystem models.

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A carbon and nitrogen flux model of mussel digestive gland epithelial cells and their simulated response to pollutants

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.099 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 58 (2-5) ◽

pp. 821-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. McVeigh ◽

J.I. Allen ◽

M.N. Moore ◽

P. Dyke ◽

D. Noble

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Digestive Gland ◽

Nitrogen Flux ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Flux Model

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Litterfall production and associated carbon and nitrogen flux along exclosure chronosequence at Kewet district, central lowland of Ethiopia

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ◽

10.1186/s40068-020-00172-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fikrey Tesfay ◽

Kibebew Kibret ◽

Aster Gebrekirstos ◽

Kiros Meles Hadgu

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Flux ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Litterfall Production

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Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives

Journal of Enzymes ◽

10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-18-2043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Palanivel Rameshthangam ◽

Dhanasekaran Solairaj ◽

Gnanapragasam Arunachalam ◽

Palaniappan Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Health Hazards ◽

Present Review ◽

Environmental Applications ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Chitin Derivatives

Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications.

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