scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of visual guidance effects for 360-degree directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Harada ◽  
Junji Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Immersive Environment ◽  
Short Times

AbstractA head-mounted display cannot cover an angle of visual field as wide as that of natural view (out-of-view problem). To enhance the visual cognition of an immersive environment, previous studies have developed various guidance designs that visualize the location or direction of items presented in the users’ surroundings. However, two issues regarding the guidance effects remain unresolved: How are the guidance effects different with each guided direction? How much is the cognitive load required by the guidance? To investigate the two issues, we performed a visual search task in an immersive environment and measured the search time of a target and time spent to recognize a guidance design. In this task, participants searched for a target presented on a head-mounted display and reported the target color while using a guidance design. The guidance designs (a moving window, 3D arrow, radiation, spherical gradation, and 3D radar) and target directions were manipulated. The search times showed an interaction effect between guidance designs and guided directions, e.g., the 3D arrow and radar shorten the search time for targets presented at the back of users. The recognition times showed that the participants required short times to recognize the details of the moving window and radiation but long times for the 3D arrow, spherical gradation, and 3D radar. These results suggest that the moving window and radiation are effective with respect to cognitive load, but the 3D arrow and radar are effective for guiding users’ attention to necessary items presented at the out-of-view.

scholarly journals Expectations and perceptual priming in a visual search task: Evidence from eye movements and behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Shurygina ◽  
Arni Kristjansson ◽  
Luke Tudge ◽  
Andrey Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Singleton Search ◽  
Attention Deployment ◽  
Random Responses ◽  
And Behavior

An extensive amount of research indicates that repeating target and distractor features facilitates pop-out search while switching these features slows the search. Following the seminal study by Maljkovic & Nakayama (1994), this ‘priming of pop-out’ effect (PoP) has been widely described as an automatic bottom-up process that is independent of the observers' expectations. At the same time, numerous studies emphasize the crucial role of expectations in visual attention deployment. Our experiment shows that in contrast to previous claims, PoP in a classic color singleton search task is a mix of automatic priming and expectations. Participants searched for a uniquely-colored diamond among two same-colored distractors. Target color sequences were either predictable (e.g., two red-target-green-distractors trials, followed by two green-target-red- distractors trials, and so on) or random. Responses were faster in predictable color sequences than randomly changing ones with equal number of repetitions of target colors on preceding trials. Analysis of observers’ eye movements showed that predictability of target color affected both latency and accuracy of the first saccade during a search trial. Our results support the idea that PoP is governed not only by automatic effects from previous target or distractor features but also by top-down expectations.

Analysis of relationship between target visual cognition difficulties and gaze movements in visual search task

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideho Sakaguchi ◽  
Akira Utsumi ◽  
Kenji Susami ◽  
Tadahisa Kondo ◽  
Masayuki Kanbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Visual Cognition

Amplifying Head Movements with Head-Mounted Displays

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jay ◽  
Roger Hubbold
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Virtual Display

The head-mounted display (HMD) is a popular form of virtual display due to its ability to immerse users visually in virtual environments (VEs). Unfortunately, the user's virtual experience is compromised by the narrow field of view (FOV) it affords, which is less than half that of normal human vision. This paper explores a solution to some of the problems caused by the narrow FOV by amplifying the head movement made by the user when wearing an HMD, so that the view direction changes by a greater amount in the virtual world than it does in the real world. Tests conducted on the technique show a significant improvement in performance on a visual search task, and questionnaire data indicate that the altered visual parameters that the user receives may be preferable to those in the baseline condition in which amplification of movement was not implemented. The tests also show that the user cannot interact normally with the VE if corresponding body movements are not amplified to the same degree as head movements, which may limit the implementation's versatility. Although not suitable for every application, the technique shows promise, and alterations to aspects of the implementation could extend its use in the future.

scholarly journals Stimuli similarity in subsequent search misses

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
A.A. Lanina ◽  
E.S. Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Subsequent Search Misses ◽  
Dual Target

The role of targets categorical similarity in subsequent search misses (SSM) effect, which assumes second target omission after the first target was found in visual search task, was observed. Participant’s task was to search for the targets (even or odd digits) among distracters (odd or ever digits, respectively). On each trial, it could be two, one or no targets. In dual target condition, the targets could be equal digits or different. 22 participants were tested, mean age — 18.73. Accuracy at detecting the second target after the first one was found was compared. Targets similarity had the significant effect on second target detection performance, F (1, 30) = 9.69, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.316, and on the search time, F (1, 31) = 28.29, p < 0.000, ηp2 = 0.574. In two dissimilar targets condition the participants missed the second target more often and found it slowly as compared to two similar targets condition. The results are discussed in the context perceptual set and resource depletion theories.

Effects of Familiarity, Verbal Response, and Practice on a Visual Search Task

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1311-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Lajoy ◽  
Patrick M. Seethoff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Discrete Search

The effects of familiarity, type of verbal response by the E, and practice on a visual search task were investigated by randomly assigning 42 Ss to bi-variant conditions in a discrete search task of 20 trials. Search time for familiar English letters was significantly faster than for unfamiliar Greek letters; there was a significant decrease in search time over trials; and type of verbal response, as well as interactions, produced no significant effects. Relationships with Neisser's (1967) theoretical and empirical work were discussed.

Sensitivity of chromatic mechanisms determined using a visual search task

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Opper ◽  
Kendall Holler ◽  
Patrick Monnier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task
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