scholarly journals Expectations and perceptual priming in a visual search task: Evidence from eye movements and behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Shurygina ◽  
Arni Kristjansson ◽  
Luke Tudge ◽  
Andrey Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Singleton Search ◽  
Attention Deployment ◽  
Random Responses ◽  
And Behavior

An extensive amount of research indicates that repeating target and distractor features facilitates pop-out search while switching these features slows the search. Following the seminal study by Maljkovic & Nakayama (1994), this ‘priming of pop-out’ effect (PoP) has been widely described as an automatic bottom-up process that is independent of the observers' expectations. At the same time, numerous studies emphasize the crucial role of expectations in visual attention deployment. Our experiment shows that in contrast to previous claims, PoP in a classic color singleton search task is a mix of automatic priming and expectations. Participants searched for a uniquely-colored diamond among two same-colored distractors. Target color sequences were either predictable (e.g., two red-target-green-distractors trials, followed by two green-target-red- distractors trials, and so on) or random. Responses were faster in predictable color sequences than randomly changing ones with equal number of repetitions of target colors on preceding trials. Analysis of observers’ eye movements showed that predictability of target color affected both latency and accuracy of the first saccade during a search trial. Our results support the idea that PoP is governed not only by automatic effects from previous target or distractor features but also by top-down expectations.

scholarly journals Expectations and perceptual priming in a visual search task: Evidence from eye movements and behavior.

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Shurygina ◽  
Árni Kristjánsson ◽  
Luke Tudge ◽  
Andrey Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Perceptual Priming ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Automaticity and Reestablishment of Executive Control—An fMRI Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kübler ◽  
Veronica Dixon ◽  
Hugh Garavan
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Automatic Behavior ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

The ability to exert control over automatic behavior is of particular importance as it allows us to interrupt our behavior when the automatic response is no longer adequate or even dangerous. However, despite the literature that exists on the effects of practice on brain activation, little is known about the neuroanatomy involved in reestablishing executive control over previously automatized behavior. We present a visual search task that enabled participants to automatize according to defined criteria within about 3 hr of practice and then required them to reassert control without changing the stimulus set. We found widespread cortical activation early in practice. Activation in all frontal areas and in the inferior parietal lobule decreased significantly with practice. Only selected prefrontal (Brodmann's areas [BAs] 9/46/8) and parietal areas (BAs 39/40) were specifically reactivated when executive control was required, underlining the crucial role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in executive control to guide our behavior.

The Role of HEXACO Personality in Perceived Time Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Ridwan Koswara ◽  
Ari Widyanti ◽  
Jaehyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Search Task ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Or Task

Today’s environment is characterized by time-demanding activities, which influence people’s perception of time. How people perceive time might be influenced by individual characteristics such as personality. The aim of this study is to observe the role of personality in perceived time load (defined as the extent to which time pressure is felt due to the pace at which tasks or task elements occur). Ninety-two participants (mean age = 20.87 years, SD = 0.86 years, 68 female) representing six different HEXACO personalities were involved voluntarily in this study; they completed a visual search task in conditions with different levels of difficulty, representing different time pressures. Perceived time load was assessed at the end of each condition. While performance is comparable, the results show that there is a strong tendency toward significance of personality in the perceived time load in general, in which extravert people tend to rate perceived time load higher than other personality types in the difficult tasks. Implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Multiple Gaze Cues and Their Effect on Observer Eye Movements in a Visual Search Task

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ii44 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-475
Author(s):  
K.M.A Mitchell ◽  
B.W Tatler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Gaze Cues

scholarly journals Emotional metacontrol of attention: Top-down modulation of sensorimotor processes in a robotic visual search task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwen Belkaid ◽  
Nicolas Cuperlier ◽  
Philippe Gaussier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes

Grapheme–Color Synesthesia Influences Overt Visual Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. A. Carriere ◽  
Daniel Eaton ◽  
Michael G. Reynolds ◽  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Daniel Smilek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Colored Target

For individuals with grapheme–color synesthesia, achromatic letters and digits elicit vivid perceptual experiences of color. We report two experiments that evaluate whether synesthesia influences overt visual attention. In these experiments, two grapheme–color synesthetes viewed colored letters while their eye movements were monitored. Letters were presented in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the synesthetes' colors. Eye tracking analysis showed that synesthetes exhibited a color congruity bias—a propensity to fixate congruently colored letters more often and for longer durations than incongruently colored letters—in a naturalistic free-viewing task. In a more structured visual search task, this congruity bias caused synesthetes to rapidly fixate and identify congruently colored target letters, but led to problems in identifying incongruently colored target letters. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for perception in synesthesia.

scholarly journals Top-down and bottom-up influences on saccades in a visual search task

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
B. R. Beutter ◽  
J. Toscano ◽  
L. S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals The role of pre-stimulus alpha oscillation in distractor filtering during a Visual Search task

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pastuszak ◽  
Kimron Shapiro ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Alpha Oscillation ◽  
Distractor Filtering

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of visual guidance effects for 360-degree directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Harada ◽  
Junji Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Immersive Environment ◽  
Short Times

AbstractA head-mounted display cannot cover an angle of visual field as wide as that of natural view (out-of-view problem). To enhance the visual cognition of an immersive environment, previous studies have developed various guidance designs that visualize the location or direction of items presented in the users’ surroundings. However, two issues regarding the guidance effects remain unresolved: How are the guidance effects different with each guided direction? How much is the cognitive load required by the guidance? To investigate the two issues, we performed a visual search task in an immersive environment and measured the search time of a target and time spent to recognize a guidance design. In this task, participants searched for a target presented on a head-mounted display and reported the target color while using a guidance design. The guidance designs (a moving window, 3D arrow, radiation, spherical gradation, and 3D radar) and target directions were manipulated. The search times showed an interaction effect between guidance designs and guided directions, e.g., the 3D arrow and radar shorten the search time for targets presented at the back of users. The recognition times showed that the participants required short times to recognize the details of the moving window and radiation but long times for the 3D arrow, spherical gradation, and 3D radar. These results suggest that the moving window and radiation are effective with respect to cognitive load, but the 3D arrow and radar are effective for guiding users’ attention to necessary items presented at the out-of-view.

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