scholarly journals Effect of spinal immobilisation devices on radiation exposure in conventional radiography and computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baukje Hemmes ◽  
Cécile R. L. P. N. Jeukens ◽  
Gerrit J. Kemerink ◽  
Peter R.G. Brink ◽  
Martijn Poeze
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Spinal Immobilisation

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Closure Function With 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Assessment of Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110017
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Kobayashi ◽  
Masanao Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Kanamori ◽  
Naoko Fujii ◽  
Yumi Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Secondary Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Closure Function

Objective: Some patients with cleft palate (CP) need secondary surgery to improve functionality. Although 4-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) in patients with CP using computed tomography (CT) has been existed, the knowledge about quantitative evaluation and radiation exposure dose is limited. We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of VPF using CT and estimated the exposure doses. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Computed tomography images from 5 preoperative patients with submucous CP (SMCP) and 10 postoperative patients with a history of CP (8 boys and 7 girls, aged 4-7 years) were evaluated. Patients: Five patients had undergone primary surgery for SMCP; 10 received secondary surgery for hypernasality. Main Outcome Measures: The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of VPI was evaluated via CT findings. Organ-absorbed radiation doses were estimated in 5 of 15 patients. The differences between cleft type and VPI, VPC patterns, and CSA of VPI were evaluated. Results: All patients had VPI. The VPC patterns (SMCP/CP) were evaluated as coronal (1/4), sagittal (0/1), circular (1/2), and circular with Passavant’s ridge (2/2); 2 patients (1/1) were unevaluable because of poor VPF. The CSA of VPI was statistically larger in the SMCP group ( P = .0027). The organ-absorbed radiation doses were relatively lower than those previously reported. Conclusions: Four-dimensional CT can provide the detailed findings of VPF that are not possible with conventional CT, and the exposure dose was considered medically acceptable.

scholarly journals Application of 3D tooth model for monitoring of implant space and inter-root distance without radiographs: a proof of concept study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungmin Lee ◽  
Gyu-Hyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cbct Image ◽  
Root Position

Abstract Background Radiographs are integral in evaluating implant space and inter-root distance. The purpose of this report is to introduce a method for evaluating the 3D root position with minimal radiation using a 3D tooth model composed of an intraoral-scanned crown and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-scanned root. Materials and methods Intraoral scan and CBCT scan of the patient were obtained before treatment. In the CBCT image, tooth segmentation was performed by isolating individual teeth from the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone using software program. The 3D tooth model was fabricated by combining segmented individual teeth with the intraoral scan. Results A post-treatment intraoral scan was integrated into the tooth model, and the resulting position of the root could be predicted without additional radiographs. It is possible to monitor the root position after a pretreatment CBCT scan using a 3D tooth model without additional radiographs. Conclusion The application of the 3D tooth model benefits the patient by reducing repeated radiation exposure while providing the clinician with a precise treatment evaluation to monitor tooth movement.

scholarly journals Applications of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateksha Bhardwaj Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Oral Radiology ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
First Choice

Abstract Background Endodontic disease can adversely affect the quality of life and therefore early diagnosis and consequent timely treatment is of paramount importance for the Endodontist. Radiology is an essential component in treatment planning, disease monitoring and assessment of treatment outcome. Periapical radiographs and panoramic radiography are frequently utilised but they provide only two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional structures. The advent of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers three-dimensional accuracy of the hard tissue images with a reasonable cost and this has revolutionised imaging of the dentomaxillofacial structures. This imaging system has been seen to overcome some limitations of conventional radiography, as brought out in this review. The improvement in the accuracy is, however, accompanied at the cost of increased radiation exposure to the patient. Nevertheless, smaller areas of exposure are normally appropriate for endodontic imaging, and adjustment in the exposure parameters can further moderate the effective dose (Loubele et al. 37(6):309-18, 2008). Aims and objectives The aim of this review is to present the pertinent literature on the various applications of cone beam computed tomography in the field of endodontics. Methods Literature was electronically searched on the following sources; Medline and Keats Library. Further, a manual search was performed on the following journals: International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, Endodontology, Journal of Dental Research, European Journal of Oral Sciences & Odontology and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. A preliminary search was performed to gain an idea of the available literature using keywords ‘Cone Beam Computed Tomography’ to view the volume of the literature evident and identify questions to be addressed in this review. The initial search showed 243 potential articles. After scrutinising the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles, 70 relevant studies were reviewed in full text. Furthermore, ‘published guidelines on the use of CBCT’ were also searched so as to include the results as an additional source material. All the articles eligible to be included in the review were in the English language and ranged from the year 1960 to the present. Also all the studies reviewed were based on the various uses of cone beam computed tomography in the field of endodontics. The keywords used to search were ‘Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)’, ‘Conventional radiography’, ‘Applications of CBCT in endodontics’, ‘CBCT and tooth morphology’, ‘CBCT and apical periodontitis’, ‘CBCT and vertical root fractures’, ‘CBCT and resorption’, ‘CBCT and pre-surgical assessment’, ‘CBCT and dento-alveolar trauma’ and ‘CBCT and endodontic outcome’. Results Every case is unique and CBCT should be considered only after studying each case individually. CBCT imaging needs to be adopted or used where information from conventional imaging systems is either inadequate for the management of endodontic problems or inconclusive. Having said that, it is safe to state that CBCT imaging has the potential to become the first choice for endodontic treatment planning and outcome assessment, especially when new scanners with lower radiation doses and enhanced resolution would be available.

Significant but reasonable radiation exposure from computed tomography-related medical imaging in the ICU

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Slovis ◽  
Kaushal H. Shah ◽  
D. Dante Yeh ◽  
Raghu Seethala ◽  
Haytham M. A. Kaafarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Radiation Exposure

scholarly journals Universal Sinus Computed Tomography Protocol for Diagnostic Imaging and Intraoperative Navigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. ar.2015.6.0134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Hoxworth ◽  
Devyani Lal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Intraoperative Navigation ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Imaging Guidance ◽  
Ct Protocol

Background Sinus computed tomography (CT) is performed for the diagnosis of paranasal sinus disease and to assess response to medical therapy. In addition, sinus CT is used for intraoperative imaging guidance. Multiple CTs increase cost and radiation exposure. Objective To determine potential cost savings and radiation dose reduction that result from the use of a single universal sinus CT protocol for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative navigation. Materials and Methods For sinus CT at the authors' institution, a single imaging protocol was begun and deemed acceptable by neuroradiologists and surgeons for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative guidance. The electronic medical record was queried over a 4-year period to determine the number of sinus CTs performed, dose-length products, referring providers' specialties, percentage of CTs used for intraoperative navigation, and the elapsed time between CT and surgery. Results A total of 6187 sinus CTs were performed by using a 64-detector scanner during the study period (2759 women and 3428 men; 53.6 ± 16.7 years [mean ± SD]), and 596 endoscopic sinus surgery cases used imaging guidance, for which all the CTs were deemed technically adequate. The mean dose-length product for the CTs was 338.4 ± 31.9 mGy-cm (mean ± SD). Of the 3702 sinus CTs ordered by nonotolaryngology providers, 167 surgeries with intraoperative navigation (4.5%) were performed. A higher percentage of CT referrals from sinus surgeons (23.9%) and other otolaryngology providers (11.4%) was used for imaging guidance (p < 0.0001). The time interval between sinus CT and surgery was greatest for nonotolaryngology providers (63.1 days, p < 0.01). Based on Medicare reimbursement, the total estimated saving was $147,628. Conclusions Adopting a single universal sinus CT protocol for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative navigation can be an effective means of decreasing cost and radiation exposure. However, successful implementation must take into account multiple practice-based considerations.

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