Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Closure Function With 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Assessment of Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110017
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Kobayashi ◽  
Masanao Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Kanamori ◽  
Naoko Fujii ◽  
Yumi Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Secondary Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Closure Function

Objective: Some patients with cleft palate (CP) need secondary surgery to improve functionality. Although 4-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) in patients with CP using computed tomography (CT) has been existed, the knowledge about quantitative evaluation and radiation exposure dose is limited. We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of VPF using CT and estimated the exposure doses. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Computed tomography images from 5 preoperative patients with submucous CP (SMCP) and 10 postoperative patients with a history of CP (8 boys and 7 girls, aged 4-7 years) were evaluated. Patients: Five patients had undergone primary surgery for SMCP; 10 received secondary surgery for hypernasality. Main Outcome Measures: The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of VPI was evaluated via CT findings. Organ-absorbed radiation doses were estimated in 5 of 15 patients. The differences between cleft type and VPI, VPC patterns, and CSA of VPI were evaluated. Results: All patients had VPI. The VPC patterns (SMCP/CP) were evaluated as coronal (1/4), sagittal (0/1), circular (1/2), and circular with Passavant’s ridge (2/2); 2 patients (1/1) were unevaluable because of poor VPF. The CSA of VPI was statistically larger in the SMCP group ( P = .0027). The organ-absorbed radiation doses were relatively lower than those previously reported. Conclusions: Four-dimensional CT can provide the detailed findings of VPF that are not possible with conventional CT, and the exposure dose was considered medically acceptable.

scholarly journals Early experience with four-dimensional computed tomography for observing velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients and the evaluation of the exposure dose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Kobayashi ◽  
Masanao Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Kanamori ◽  
Naoko Fujii ◽  
Yumi Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Closure Function

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to perform a four-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients with cleft palate using 320-row area detector computed tomography (CT), and to estimate the organ-absorbed doses using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods We evaluated CT image data obtained between July 2018 and August 2019 from five pediatric patients with cleft palate (four boys and one girl; age range, 4–7 years) at Fujita Health University Hospital. The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area of VPI were evaluated. In addition, organ-absorbed doses were assumed in the Monte Carlo simulation. However, we did not perform statistical analysis because of the insufficient number of patients enrolled in this study. Results The existence of VPI and hypernasality were completely concordant. The VPC patterns were circular (two patients), circular with Passavant’s ridge (one patient), and unevaluable (two patients). The organ-absorbed doses were relatively lower than those in past reports. Conclusions Our method could be an alternative for patients who refuse the conventional nasopharyngoscopic evaluation.

Estimation of Radiation Exposure in the Pediatric Cath Lab in Ain Shams University; Cross-Sectional Observational Study

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelrazik ◽  
Youssef Amin ◽  
Alaa Roushdy ◽  
Maiy El Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Dosage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Device Closure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Hospital Pediatric

Abstract Aim and objectives The aim of the study is to assess the average radiation doses recorded per procedure in Ain Shams University Hospital pediatric cath lab to set benchmarks of radiation exposure in our institute. Patients and Methods The study included 198 patients who presented to Ain Shams cardiac pediatric cath lab who undergone interventional (BPV, BAV, ASD device closure, VSD device closure, PDA coil/device closure, Coarctation Stent/balloon) and diagnostic (Hemodynamics study, Diagnostic cath) heart catheterization. Radiation doses were measured without any interference with the operator’s preferences. Results Radiation dosages were measured in total AirKerma, Dose area product (DAP), and fluoroscopy time to set the benchmarks for radiation exposure in our institute per procedure. VSD device closure showed the highest radiation exposure followed by Coarctation stenting. Lowest radiation dosage was in PDA coil closure followed by ASD device closure then BPV. Conclusion Benchmarks for radiation exposure per procedure in pediatric cath lab in our institute were set and compared to each other.

scholarly journals Simulation Study on Radiation Exposure of Emergency Medical Responders From Radioactively Contaminated Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takakiyo Tsujiguchi ◽  
Yoko Suzuki ◽  
Mizuki Sakamoto ◽  
Kazuki Narumi ◽  
Katsuhiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Radiation Emergency ◽  
Computational Phantoms

Abstract Emergency medical responders (EMRs), who save victims in a radiation emergency, are at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, the exposure dose to EMRs assisting contaminated patients was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and will produce data that contributes to EMR education and anxiety reduction. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated radiation doses for adult computational phantoms with radioactive contamination conditions radiation dosages were based on findings from previous studies. At the contamination condition corresponding to the typical upper limit of general GM survey meters, the radiation doses of EMRs were estimated to be less than μSv per hour. In case of a heavier contamination due to mishandling of an intense radioactive source with hundreds of GBq or more, their radiation doses would be close to 100 mSv per hour. The results have implied that the radiological accident with a highly radioactive source would expose EMR to the risk of significant radiation exposure exceeding the dose limit. It is thus crucial that the authority or other party who are responsible for the health of EMRs ensures that they shall have necessary education and training on the effective measures for protecting themselves from the possible, excessive radiation exposure.

Correction of Cupping Artifacts in Axial Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images by Using Image Processing Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Razi ◽  
Nader Vahdani Manaf ◽  
Morteza Yadekar ◽  
Sedigheh Razi ◽  
Shiva Gheibi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Correction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Cupping Artifacts

Objectives: One of the most important problems of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique is the presence of dense objects, such as implants, amalgam fillings, and metal veneers, which result in beam-hardening artifacts. With an increase in the application of CBCT images and considering the problems in relation to cupping artifacts, some algorithms have been presented to reduce these artifacts. The aim was to present an algorithm to eliminate cupping artifacts from axial and other reconstructed CBCT images. Materials and Methods: We used CBCT images of NewTom VG imaging system (Verona, Italy, at Dentistry Faculty, Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran) in which every image has a resolution of 366 × 320 in DICOM format. 50 images of patients with cupping artifacts were selected. Using Sobel edge detector and nonlinear gamma correction coefficient, the difference was calculated between the density of axial images in the main image and the image resulting from nonlinear gamma correction at the exact location of the radiopaque dental materials detected by Sobel. The points at which this density difference was out of a definite limit were treated as image artifacts and were eliminated from the main image by the inpainting method. Results: The resultant axial images, for producing reconstructed cross-sectional, panoramic images without cupping artifacts, were imported into NTT viewer V5.6 and utilized. Conclusions: With comparison, acquired images observed that the offering algorithm is practical and effective for reducing the cupping artifacts and preserving the quality of the reconstructed images. This algorithm does not need any additional equipment.

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomical Assessment of the Olfactory Fossa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andre Luiz Ferreira Costa ◽  
Aline Kataki Paixão ◽  
Bianca Costa Gonçalves ◽  
Celso Massahiro Ogawa ◽  
Thiago Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software. Gender, age, and side were correlated with the Keros classification. The mean age of the 174 patients was 45.3 years. The most prevalent Keros classification was type II (65.52%), followed by type III (20.69%) and type I (13.79%). No significant differences were found between Keros classification and the variables age, right side (pvalue = 0.4620), and left side (pvalue = 0.5709). There were also no significant differences between gender and the variables right side (pvalue = 0.1421) and left side (pvalue = 0.2136). Based on these results, we suggest that cone beam computed tomography can be recommended for analysis of the anterior skull base. Keros type II was the most prevalent type in our sample.

Measuring skeletal muscle mass using C3 cross-sectional computed tomography images

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S37
Author(s):  
B.T. Muresan ◽  
C. Sánchez Juan ◽  
A. Artero ◽  
A. Montoro ◽  
G. Sanchz Jordá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

scholarly journals An assessment of medical students’ proficiency regarding the hazards of radiological examinations on the health of workers and patients: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Awadghanem ◽  
Mahmoud Sbaih ◽  
Mohammad Hasoon ◽  
Zaher Yassin ◽  
Ahmad M. Samara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Abstract Background The use of radiological examination is increasing worldwide. Since radiation exposure can result in many health hazards, medical professionals, as well as medical students, should possess adequate knowledge regarding radiation and its related hazards to protect themselves and the patients. Many studies have assessed medical students’ knowledge on this topic, but never in Palestine. In this study, we aimed to examine Palestinian medical students’ awareness and knowledge regarding radiological examination modalities and their risks on themselves and their patients. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional, population-based study, conducted to assess the awareness of radiation exposure and its risks among Palestinian medical students. An online questionnaire was implemented on medical students at An-Najah National University. A total knowledge score that ranged from 0 to 22 was calculated for each participant, with higher scores indicating better knowledge regarding radiation doses and the related hazards. Results Two hundred eighty and seven students participated in our study, with a response rate of 71%. The average knowledge score of the participants was 10.97 ± 4.31 out of a maximum of 22 points. Male participants and participants in advanced study years achieved better knowledge scores (p-values were 0.034 and < 0.001, respectively). Perceived radiology knowledge was significantly associated with the actual knowledge score among the participants (p-value< 0.001). Receiving radiology lectures in fourth and fifth years significantly affected the participants’ knowledge score (p-values were < 0.001). Conclusions We found a severe lack of knowledge regarding radiation doses and related risks among medical students. Therefore, we recommend that medical schools update and supplement their curriculum regarding knowledge on radiation.

scholarly journals Quantity and quality of antigravity muscles in patients undergoing living-donor lobar lung transplantation: 1-year longitudinal analysis using chest computed tomography images

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00205-2019
Author(s):  
Yohei Oshima ◽  
Susumu Sato ◽  
Toyofumi F. Chen-Yoshikawa ◽  
Yuji Yoshioka ◽  
Nana Shimamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

BackgroundSkeletal muscle dysfunction is a common feature in patients with severe lung diseases. Although lung transplantation aims to save these patients, the surgical procedure and disuse may cause additional deterioration and prolonged functional disability. We investigated the postoperative course of antigravity muscle condition in terms of quantity and quality using chest computed tomography.Methods35 consecutive patients were investigated for 12 months after living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT). The erector spinae muscles (ESMs), which are antigravity muscles, were evaluated, and the cross-sectional area (ESMCSA) and mean attenuation (ESMCT) were analysed to determine the quantity and quality of ESMs. Functional capacity was evaluated by the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Age-matched living donors with lower lobectomy were evaluated as controls.ResultsRecipient and donor ESMCSA values temporarily decreased at 3 months and recovered by 12 months post-operatively. The ESMCSA of recipients, but not that of donors, surpassed baseline values by 12 months post-operatively. Increased ESMCSA (ratio to baseline ≥1) may occur at 12 months in patients with a high baseline ESMCT. Although the recipient ESMCT may continuously decrease for 12 months, the ESMCT is a major determinant, in addition to lung function, of the postoperative 6MWD at both 3 and 12 months.ConclusionThe quantity of ESMs may increase within 12 months after LDLLT in recipients with better muscle quality at baseline. The quality of ESMs is also important for physical performance; therefore, further approaches to prevent deterioration in muscle quality are required.

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