Transient active force generation and stress fibre remodelling in cells under cyclic loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin McEvoy ◽  
Vikram S. Deshpande ◽  
Patrick McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Stress Fibre ◽  
Fibre Remodelling ◽  
Active Force Generation ◽  
In Cells

Tilting of the light-chain region of myosin during step length changes and active force generation in skeletal muscle

Nature ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 375 (6533) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Irving ◽  
Taylor St Claire Alien ◽  
Cibele Sabido-David ◽  
James S. Craik ◽  
Birgit Brandmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Active Force Generation

Outer hair cell active force generation in the cochlear environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 2215-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Liao ◽  
Shengran Feng ◽  
Aleksander S. Popel ◽  
William E. Brownell ◽  
Alexander A. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Active Force Generation

scholarly journals Active force generation shapes the metaphase spindle through a mechanical instability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oriola ◽  
Frank Jülicher ◽  
Jan Brugués
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Active Liquid ◽  
Active Force Generation

The metaphase spindle is a dynamic structure that segregates chromosomes during cell division. Recently, soft matter approaches have shown that the spindle behaves as an active liquid crystal. Still, it remains unclear how active force generation contributes to its characteristic spindle-like shape. Here, we combine theory and experiments to show that molecular motor driven forces shape the structure through a barreling-type instability. We test our physical model by titrating dynein activity in Xenopus egg extract spindles and quantifying the shape and microtubule orientation. We conclude that spindles are shaped by the interplay between surface tension, nematic elasticity and motor-driven active forces. Our study reveals how active force generation can mold liquid crystal droplets and it has implications on the morphology of non-membrane bound compartments demixed from the cytoplasm.

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