scholarly journals Neuronavigation Increases the Physiologic and Behavioral Effects of Low-Frequency rTMS of Primary Motor Cortex in Healthy Subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bashir ◽  
D. Edwards ◽  
A. Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

EEG under TMS-induced SP reveals inhibitory effects of low-frequency rTMS on the primary motor cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jin ◽  
J. Jin ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

Inhibition of the primary motor cortex can alter one's “sense of effort”: Effects of low-frequency rTMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Takarada ◽  
Tatsuya Mima ◽  
Mitsunari Abe ◽  
Masahiro Nakatsuka ◽  
Masato Taira
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sense Of Effort ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

scholarly journals Motor demand-dependent improvement in accuracy following low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of left motor cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrin M. Buetefisch ◽  
Benjamin Hines ◽  
Linda Shuster ◽  
Paola Pergami ◽  
Adam Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

The role of primary motor cortex (M1) in the control of voluntary movements is still unclear. In brain functional imaging studies of unilateral hand performance, bilateral M1 activation is inconsistently observed, and disruptions of M1 using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) lead to variable results in the hand motor performance. As the motor tasks differed qualitatively in these studies, it is conceivable that M1 contribution differs depending on the level of skillfulness. The objective of the present study was to determine whether M1 contribution to hand motor performance differed depending on the level of precision of the motor task. Here, we used low-frequency rTMS of left M1 to determine its effect on the performance of a pointing task that allows the parametric increase of the level of precision and thereby increase the level of required precision quantitatively. We found that low-frequency rTMS improved performance in both hands for the task with the highest demand on precision, whereas performance remained unchanged for the tasks with lower demands. These results suggest that the functional relevance of M1 activity for motor performance changes as a function of motor demand. The bilateral effect of rTMS to left M1 would also support the notion of M1 functions at a higher level in motor control by integrating afferent input from nonprimary motor areas.

Low-frequency rTMS inhibitory effects in the primary motor cortex: Insights from TMS-evoked potentials

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias P. Casula ◽  
Vincenza Tarantino ◽  
Demis Basso ◽  
Giorgio Arcara ◽  
Giuliana Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

scholarly journals Reduced Interhemispheric Coherence in Cerebellar Kainic Acid-Induced Lateralized Dystonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Laura Georgescu Margarint ◽  
Ioana Antoaneta Georgescu ◽  
Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu ◽  
Stefan-Alexandru Tirlea ◽  
Alexandru Rǎzvan Şteopoaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
General Locomotor Activity ◽  
Complex Circuits ◽  
The Right

The execution of voluntary muscular activity is controlled by the primary motor cortex, together with the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The synchronization of neural activity in the intracortical network is crucial for the regulation of movements. In certain motor diseases, such as dystonia, this synchrony can be altered in any node of the cerebello-cortical network. Questions remain about how the cerebellum influences the motor cortex and interhemispheric communication. This research aims to study the interhemispheric cortical communication between the motor cortices during dystonia, a neurological movement syndrome consisting of sustained or repetitive involuntary muscle contractions. We pharmacologically induced lateralized dystonia to adult male albino mice by administering low doses of kainic acid on the left cerebellar hemisphere. Using electrocorticography and electromyography, we investigated the power spectral densities, cortico-muscular, and interhemispheric coherence between the right and left motor cortices, before and during dystonia, for five consecutive days. Mice displayed lateralized abnormal motor signs, a reduced general locomotor activity, and a high score of dystonia. The results showed a progressive interhemispheric coherence decrease in low-frequency bands (delta, theta, beta) during the first 3 days. The cortico-muscular coherence of the affected side had a significant increase in gamma bands on days 3 and 4. In conclusion, lateralized cerebellar dysfunction during dystonia was associated with a loss of connectivity in the motor cortices, suggesting a possible cortical compensation to the initial disturbances induced by cerebellar left hemisphere kainate activation by blocking the propagation of abnormal oscillations to the healthy hemisphere. However, the cerebellum is part of several overly complex circuits, therefore other mechanisms can still be involved in this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martje G. Pauly ◽  
Annika Steinmeier ◽  
Christina Bolte ◽  
Feline Hamami ◽  
Elinor Tzvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.

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