Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma affects native corn at high elevations in Southeast Mexico

AbstractMountains provide a timely opportunity to examine the potential effects of climate change on biodiversity. However, nature conservation in mountain areas have mostly focused on the observed part of biodiversity, not revealing the suitable but absent species—dark diversity. Dark diversity allows calculating the community completeness, indicating whether sites should be restored (low completeness) or conserved (high completeness). Functional traits can be added, showing what groups should be focused on. Here we assessed changes in taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity of epiphytic lichens along elevational transects in Northern Italy spruce forests. Eight transects (900–1900 m) were selected, resulting in 48 plots and 240 trees, in which lichens were sampled using four quadrats per tree (10 × 50 cm). Dark diversity was estimated based on species co-occurrence (Beals index). We considered functional traits related to growth form, photobiont type and reproductive strategy. Linear and Dirichlet regressions were used to examine changes in taxonomic metrics and functional traits along gradient. Our results showed that all taxonomic metrics increased with elevation and functional traits of lichens differed between observed and dark diversity. At low elevations, due to low completeness and harsh conditions, both restoration and conservation activities are needed, focusing on crustose species. Towards high elevations, conservation is more important to prevent species pool losses, focusing on macrolichens, lichens with Trentepohlia and sexual reproduction. Finally, dark diversity and functional traits provide a novel tool to enhance nature conservation, indicating particular threatened groups, creating windows of opportunities to protect species from both local and regional extinctions.

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The most frequent autosomal STRs involved in exclusion of paternity cases in a population from southeast, Mexico

Forensic Science International Genetics Supplement Series ◽

10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 465-467

Author(s):

Paola Nicte Lopez Gonzalez ◽

Jorge Enrique Bautista-Gonzalez ◽

Maria Jose Lopez-Gonzalez ◽

Javier Enrique Sosa-Escalante ◽

Lizbeth Gonzalez-Herrera

Keyword(s):

Autosomal Strs ◽

Southeast Mexico ◽

Paternity Cases

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COVID-19 and gastrointestinal symptoms in Mexico, a systematic review: does location matter?

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06252-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Pizuorno ◽

Nora A. Fierro ◽

Edgar D. Copado-Villagrana ◽

María E. Herrera-Solís ◽

Gholamreza Oskrochi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Northwest Mexico ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

West Mexico ◽

Southeast Mexico

Abstract Background Covid-19 in Mexico is on the rise in different parts of the country. We aimed to study the symptoms and comorbidities that associate with this pandemic in 3 different regions of Mexico. Methods We analyzed data from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients evaluated at healthcare centers and hospitals of Mexico (n = 1607) including Northwest Mexico (Sinaloa state), Southeast Mexico (Veracruz state) and West Mexico (Jalisco state) between March 1 and July 30, 2020. Mexico consists of a total population that exceeds 128 million. Demographics, comorbidities and clinical symptoms were collected. Statistical descriptive analysis and correlation analyses of symptoms, comorbidities and mortality were performed. Results A total of 1607 hospitalized patients positive for COVID-19 across all 3 regions of Mexico were included. The average age was 54.6 years and 60.4% were male. A mortality rate of 33.1% was observed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.2%), obesity (30.3%) and diabetes (31.4%). Hypertension was more frequent in West (45%), followed by Northwest (37%) and Southeast Mexico (29%). Obesity was around 30% in Northwest and West whereas an 18% was reported in Southeast. Diabetes was most common in West (34%) followed by Northwest (22%) and Southeast (13%). This might be related to the highest mortality rate in Northwest (31%) and West (37%) when compared to Southeast. Most common symptoms in our overall cohort were fever (80.8%), cough (79.8%), headache (66%), dyspnea (71.1%), myalgia (53.8%), joints pain (50.8%) and odynophagia (34.8%). Diarrhea was the main gastrointestinal (GI) symptom (21.3%), followed by abdominal pain (18%), and nausea/ vomiting (4.5%). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were more common in West (23.1 and 21%), followed by Southeast (17.8, and 9.8%) and Northwest (11.4 and 3.1%). Conclusion Our study showed a high mortality rate likely related to high frequencies of comorbidities (hypertension, obesity and diabetes). Mortality was different across regions. These discrepancies might be related to the differences in the frequencies of comorbidities, and partially attributed to differences in socio-economic conditions and quality of care. Thus, our findings stress the need for improved strategies to get better outcomes in our population.

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Does Hyperoxia Restrict Pyrenean Rock Lizards Iberolacerta bonnali to High Elevations?

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13050200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Eric J. Gangloff ◽

Sierra Spears ◽

Laura Kouyoumdjian ◽

Ciara Pettit ◽

Fabien Aubret

Keyword(s):

High Elevation ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

The Novel ◽

Thermal Physiology ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Thermal Performance Curve ◽

And Performance ◽

Thermal Preferences ◽

High Elevations ◽

Intense Radiation

Ectothermic animals living at high elevation often face interacting challenges, including temperature extremes, intense radiation, and hypoxia. While high-elevation specialists have developed strategies to withstand these constraints, the factors preventing downslope migration are not always well understood. As mean temperatures continue to rise and climate patterns become more extreme, such translocation may be a viable conservation strategy for some populations or species, yet the effects of novel conditions, such as relative hyperoxia, have not been well characterised. Our study examines the effect of downslope translocation on ectothermic thermal physiology and performance in Pyrenean rock lizards (Iberolacerta bonnali) from high elevation (2254 m above sea level). Specifically, we tested whether models of organismal performance developed from low-elevation species facing oxygen restriction (e.g., hierarchical mechanisms of thermal limitation hypothesis) can be applied to the opposite scenario, when high-elevation organisms face hyperoxia. Lizards were split into two treatment groups: one group was maintained at a high elevation (2877 m ASL) and the other group was transplanted to low elevation (432 m ASL). In support of hyperoxia representing a constraint, we found that lizards transplanted to the novel oxygen environment of low elevation exhibited decreased thermal preferences and that the thermal performance curve for sprint speed shifted, resulting in lower performance at high body temperatures. While the effects of hypoxia on thermal physiology are well-explored, few studies have examined the effects of hyperoxia in an ecological context. Our study suggests that high-elevation specialists may be hindered in such novel oxygen environments and thus constrained in their capacity for downslope migration.

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New glacier evidence for ice-free summits during the life of the Tyrolean Iceman

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77518-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pascal Bohleber ◽

Margit Schwikowski ◽

Martin Stocker-Waldhuber ◽

Ling Fang ◽

Andrea Fischer

Keyword(s):

Elevation Gradient ◽

Ice Age ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

New Approach ◽

Radiocarbon Age ◽

Alpine Glaciers ◽

The Alps ◽

Tyrolean Iceman ◽

High Elevations ◽

Age Constraints

AbstractDetailed knowledge of Holocene climate and glaciers dynamics is essential for sustainable development in warming mountain regions. Yet information about Holocene glacier coverage in the Alps before the Little Ice Age stems mostly from studying advances of glacier tongues at lower elevations. Here we present a new approach to reconstructing past glacier low stands and ice-free conditions by assessing and dating the oldest ice preserved at high elevations. A previously unexplored ice dome at Weißseespitze summit (3500 m), near where the “Tyrolean Iceman” was found, offers almost ideal conditions for preserving the original ice formed at the site. The glaciological settings and state-of-the-art micro-radiocarbon age constraints indicate that the summit has been glaciated for about 5900 years. In combination with known maximum ages of other high Alpine glaciers, we present evidence for an elevation gradient of neoglaciation onset. It reveals that in the Alps only the highest elevation sites remained ice-covered throughout the Holocene. Just before the life of the Iceman, high Alpine summits were emerging from nearly ice-free conditions, during the start of a Mid-Holocene neoglaciation. We demonstrate that, under specific circumstances, the old ice at the base of high Alpine glaciers is a sensitive archive of glacier change. However, under current melt rates the archive at Weißseespitze and at similar locations will be lost within the next two decades.

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Spatio-temporal diversity of Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) assemblages in a protected area of southeast Mexico

Journal of Insect Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10841-015-9830-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1153-1161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alejandra González-Moreno ◽

Santiago Bordera ◽

Hugo Delfín-González

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

Temporal Diversity ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Southeast Mexico

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