Water security assessment in Haihe River Basin using principal component analysis based on Kendall τ

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqun Ma ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Tao Chen
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xiaobo ◽  
Dong Fei ◽  
He Guojian ◽  
Liu Jingling

Chlorophyll-a is a well-accepted index for phytoplankton abundance and population of primary producers in an aquatic environment. The relationships between chlorophyll-a and 18 chemical, physical and biological water quality variables in YuQiao Reservoir (YQR) in the Haihe River Basin in P.R. China were studied by using principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with a radial basis function network (RBF) model to predict chlorophyll-a levels. Principal component analysis was used to simplify the complexity of relations between water quality variables. Score values obtained by PC scores were used as independent variables in the RBF models. In the forecast, only five selected score values obtained by PC analysis were used for the prediction of chlorophyll-a levels. Correlative analysis between the modeled results and observed data indicates that the correlative coefficient is 0.61, and analysis of the forecast error rate shows that the average forecast error is 32.9%, proving the viability of the forecast model.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Hiroshan Hettiarachchi ◽  
Serena Caucci ◽  
Peter Krebs

Although river water quality monitoring (WQM) networks play an important role in water management, their effectiveness is rarely evaluated. This study aims to evaluate and optimize water quality variables and monitoring sites to explain the spatial and temporal variation of water quality in rivers, using principal component analysis (PCA). A complex water quality dataset from the Freiberger Mulde (FM) river basin in Saxony, Germany was analyzed that included 23 water quality (WQ) parameters monitored at 151 monitoring sites from 2006 to 2016. The subsequent results showed that the water quality of the FM river basin is mainly impacted by weathering processes, historical mining and industrial activities, agriculture, and municipal discharges. The monitoring of 14 critical parameters including boron, calcium, chloride, potassium, sulphate, total inorganic carbon, fluoride, arsenic, zinc, nickel, temperature, oxygen, total organic carbon, and manganese could explain 75.1% of water quality variability. Both sampling locations and time periods were observed, with the resulting mineral contents varying between locations and the organic and oxygen content differing depending on the time period that was monitored. The monitoring sites that were deemed particularly critical were located in the vicinity of the city of Freiberg; the results for the individual months of July and September were determined to be the most significant. In terms of cost-effectiveness, monitoring more parameters at fewer sites would be a more economical approach than the opposite practice. This study illustrates a simple yet reliable approach to support water managers in identifying the optimum monitoring strategies based on the existing monitoring data, when there is a need to reduce the monitoring costs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Aqilah Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad ◽  
Azman Azid ◽  
...  

This study focuses on flood risk recognition factor that leads to major contribution of floods in Pahang River basin, identify the correlation between variables and determine factor that influence the flood risk pattern in Pahang. Four hydrological variables been applied. Chemometric technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and Statistical Process Control (SPC) method were being applied to identify the main contributor for flood, predicting hydrological modeling and risk of flood occurrence at Pahang river basin. Findings from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that all selected variables were significant. The relationship between Suspended Solid and Stream Flow with Water Level were very high with correlation of coefficient value more than 0.7. SPC set up a new control limit for all variables. Data beyond the Upper Control Limit (UCL) value is considered as high risk for flood occurrence. Most of the trend pattern showed in year 2007 as high peak. Rapid development growth and anthropogenic activities caused the sediment of Suspended Solid triggered the Water Level and Stream Flow to arise than normal level. Thus, local authority should take earlier precaution for flood prevention and emergency responses plan at the study area for any development of land by takes obligatory action to the developers especially those development that arise along river channel. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ivaneide Oliveira Santos ◽  
Enjolras De Albuquerque Medeiros Lima ◽  
Edmilson Santos de Lima ◽  
José Geilson Alves Demetrio

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Tatuoca faz parte do grupo de pequenos rios litorâneos do Estado de Pernambuco e na sua área de drenagem encontra-se o Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape - CIPS. O estudo das concentrações de elementos-traço em solos é um importante instrumento na gestão ambiental do meio físico de bacias hidrográficas, uma vez que pode contribuir para diferenciar as concentrações de base geogênica e as contribuições antrópicas em sua área de drenagem. Dentro desse contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo identificar os agentes causadores da variação das concentrações médias do Mo ao longo de um perfil pedológico localizado na bacia do Rio Tatuoca. O perfil de solo foi coletado através de sondagem rotativa testemunhada, denominado CTP2, com 17 metros de profundidade. Este foi seccionado a cada 50 centímetros compondo um total de 34 amostras, que foram inicialmente preparadas no Laboratório de Preparação de Amostras do Departamento de Geologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e posteriormente enviadas para análises químicas no Laboratório da Geosol (MG). Tais análises foram efetuadas por Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica (ICP-AES) para 29 elementos. Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamente através de análise multivariada (Análise de Componentes Principais) e por Fator de Enriquecimento. A base de dados foi gerada a partir das concentrações dos 16 elementos com as concentrações mais relevantes resultantes das análises das 34 amostras coletadas. A interpretação dos resultados estatísticos permitiu identificar alterações nas concentrações ao longo do perfil de solo estudado. Os resultados obtidos a partir da equação de Gresens para o Fator de Enriquecimento para Mo foi de 1,3 na seção mais superficial do solo, classificado como pouco enriquecido segundo alguns autores. Entretanto, os resultados dos valores absolutos obtidos através do ICP/AES para a seção mais superficial do perfil estudado, apresentaram concentração de 5,5 ppm, indicando um aumento pontual, levando em consideração a prevalência dos valores intermediários do perfil situados em torno de 0,5 ppm e do valor da camada mais basal de 3,4 ppm. Diante disto, pode-se afirmar que o valor absoluto de 5,5 ppm referente à seção superficial do perfil não o caracteriza como um perfil anômalo, uma vez que o fator de enriquecimento apresentou-se de forma moderada. Desta forma, a diferença que há entre os valores das amostras de superfície e das amostras que foram coletadas no intervalo que abrange a seção intermediária até a seção mais basal do perfil, indica uma alteração referente a eventos ambientais localizados, os quais podem ter inferido nestas concentrações de Mo apenas na seção superficial (até 1,5m de profundidade). Os eventos ambientais marcantes ocorridos na área em questão estão relacionados primeiramente ao intenso cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, comumente associado ao uso de defensivos agrícolas por um grande período de tempo; Em segundo plano, outro grande evento marcante na área foi o processo de terraplanagem do solo, decorrente do Projeto de implementação da Refinaria Abreu e Lima e outros empreendimentos industriais circunvizinhos, culminaram na supressão vegetal. Desta forma, o aumento pontual das concentrações do Mo em uma profundidade de 0 a 0,5 está fortemente relacionado a atividades antrópicas de supressão vegetal e o uso por um longo período de tempo de defensivos agrícolas, o que, para alguns autores se classifica como anomalia significativa. Sendo assim, em solos com característica geogênica ácida, afetados por áreas industriais onde haja atividade que inferem maior intensidade no uso de compostos químicos associadas a intensa supressão vegetal merecem ser monitoradas, tendo em vista a possibilidade de um enriquecimento de moderado a alto de Mo, e possivelmente de outros elementos-traço.   The Tatuoca river basin belongs to the group of small coastal rivers of the State of Pernambuco and its drainage area is completely within the Suape Port Industrial Complex Suape - CIPS. The study of concentrations of trace elements in soils is an important tool in environmental management of the watershed, as it can contribute to differentiate between baseline geogenic concentrations from anthropogenic contributions in their catchment area. Within this context, the study aimed to characterize the trace elements geochemical variation in soils, in order to visualize possible anthropogenic contributions as well as support geochemical studies of active stream sediments in the Tatuoca river basin. soil profile was collected by percussion drilling, and named CTP4, with 17 meters deep. Both was cut every 50 cm for a total of 34 samples, which was initially prepared in Sample Preparation Laboratory, Department of Geology, Federal University of Pernambuco and later sent for chemical analysis at the Laboratory Geosol. These samples were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for 29 elements. The results were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis) and Enrichment Factor. The database was generated from the concentrations of 16 trace elements resulting from analysis of 34 samples. The interpretation of statistical results allowed us to identify geochemical change in the soil profile studied. Lead presented an enrichment factor of 1.5, classified as slightly enriched according to some authors. However, in the most superficial layer of the profile studied, the absolute concentration of 5.5 ppm showed, indicating an increase timely, considering the prevalence of intermediate values of the profile around 0.5 ppm and the value of the basal layer 3.4 ppm.     Keywords: Pedologic soil, enrichment factor, Tatuoca basin, principal component analysis  


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