Correlation between hordatine accumulation, environmental factors and genetic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) accessions from the Near East Fertile Crescent

Genetic diversity at 38 microsatellite (short sequence repeats (SSRs)) loci was studied in a sample of 54 plants representing a natural population of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, at the Neve Yaar microsite in Israel. Wild barley at the microsite was organized in a mosaic pattern over an area of 3180 m2 in the open Tabor oak forest, which was subdivided into four microniches: (i) sunrock (11 genotypes), (ii) sunsoil (18 genotypes), (iii) shadesoil (11 genotypes), and (iv) shaderock (14 genotypes). Fifty-four genotypes were tested for ecologicalgenetic microniche correlates. Analysis of 36 loci showed that allele distributions at SSR loci were nonrandom but structured by ecological stresses (climatic and edaphic). Sixteen (45.7%) of 35 polymorphic loci varied significantly (p < 0.05) in allele frequencies among the microniches. Significant genetic divergence and diversity were found among the four subpopulations. The soil and shade subpopulations showed higher genetic diversities at SSR loci than the rock and sun subpopulations, and the lowest genetic diversity was observed in the sunrock subpopulation, in contrast with the previous allozyme and RAPD studies. On average, of 36 loci, 88.75% of the total genetic diversity exists within the four microniches, while 11.25% exists between the microniches. In a permutation test, GST was lower for 4999 out of 5000 randomized data sets (p < 0.001) when compared with real data (0.1125). The highest genetic distance was between shade-soil and sunrock (D = 0.222). Our results suggest that diversifying natural selection may act upon some regulatory regions, resulting in adaptive SSR divergence. Fixation of some loci (GMS61, GMS1, and EBMAC824) at a specific microniche seems to suggest directional selection. The pattern of other SSR loci suggests the operation of balancing selection. SSRs may be either direct targets of selection or markers of selected haplotypes (selective sweep).Key words: natural selection, genetic diversity, microsatellites, adaptation, Hordeum spontaneum, wild barley, microsite divergence.

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Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, in Turkey

Genetica ◽

10.1007/bf02424444 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

E. Nevo ◽

D. Zohary ◽

A. Beiles ◽

D. Kaplan ◽

N. Storch

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Hordeum Spontaneum

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GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS OF WILD BARLEY,HORDEUM SPONTANEUM, IN ISRAEL

Evolution ◽

10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04737.x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 815-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eviatar Nevo ◽

Daniel Zohary ◽

A. H. D. Brown ◽

Michael Haber

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Hordeum Spontaneum

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Correlation of environmental factors and phenotypic diversity of iranian wild barley (Hordeum Spontaneum Koch) populations

Acta Oecologica ◽

10.1016/j.actao.2018.12.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Mojtaba Hosseini ◽

Reza Ghorbani ◽

Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel ◽

Mohsen Yassaie

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Hordeum Spontaneum

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Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights Into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-654119/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Zhou ◽

Guang Lu ◽

Genlou Sun ◽

Daokun Sun ◽

Xifeng Ren

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Near East ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Fertile Crescent ◽

Important Intermediate ◽

Domestication Process ◽

Cultivated Barley ◽

Two Stages ◽

Barley Population ◽

Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background Barley is one of the earliest domesticated crops and regarded as one of the founder of Neolithic transition in the Near East Fertile Crescent. Domestication process of cultivated barley (especially east-Asian cultivated barley) has been under debate because of the controversial origin centers of barley, which caused by widely dispersal of wild barley. What’s more, no comprehensive study regarding alteration in metabolism during domestication has been delineated in barley so far. Results Transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolic analyses were performed for two wild barley populations (wild barley of Near East Fertile Crescent (Wb-NE), and wild barley of Tibetan Plateau (Wb-T)), and one cultivated barley population (cultivated barley of China (Cb-C)), the results revealed two stages of the domestication process of Cb-C, first from Wb-NE to Wb-T, and then from Wb-T to Cb-C. The Wb-T played an important intermediate role in the domestication from Wb-NE to Cb-C, and had made more genetic contribution than Wb-NE to Cb-C. Meanwhile, we found continuous gene flow, a large number of selective genes and metabolites during domestication. Divergent metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were specific targeted in stages from Wb-NE to Wb-T and from Wb-T to Cb-C, respectively. The key missense SNPs in genes HORVU6Hr1G027650 and HORVU4Hr1G072150 might be related to the divergence of metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during domestication. Conclusions Our results revealed that two stages of the domestication process of Cb-C, and distinct sets of metabolites were targeted by selection during the evolution from wild barley of the Near East Fertile Crescent to Tibetan wild barley to cultivated barley of China. Our findings not only provided genetic and metabolic insights into domestication process of barley but also highlighted the power of combining omics data for trait dissection.

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Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11020209 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Yu Zhou ◽

Guang Lu ◽

Genlou Sun ◽

Daokun Sun ◽

Xifeng Ren

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Near East ◽

Metabolite Analysis ◽

Hybrid Form ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Fertile Crescent ◽

Domestication Process ◽

Cultivated Barley ◽

Metabolic Data

The domestication process of cultivated barley in China remains under debate because of the controversial origins of barley. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolic data from 29 accessions together with public resequencing data from 124 accessions to explore the domestication process of cultivated barley in China (Cb-C). These analyses revealed that both Cb-C and Tibetan wild barley (Wb-T) were the descendants of wild barley from the Near East Fertile Crescent (Wb-NE), yielding little support for a local origin of Wb-T. Wb-T was more likely an intermediate in the domestication process from Wb-NE to Cb-C. Wb-T contributed more genetically to Cb-C than Wb-NE, and was domesticated into Cb-C about 3300 years ago. These results together seem to support that Wb-T may be a feralized or hybrid form of cultivated barley from the Near East Fertile Crescent or central Asia. Additionally, the metabolite analysis revealed divergent metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids and these metabolites were specifically targeted for selection in the evolutionary stages from Wb-NE to Wb-T and from Wb-T to Cb-C. The key missense SNPs in the genes HORVU6Hr1G027650 and HORVU4Hr1G072150 might be responsible for the divergence of metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during domestication. Our findings allow for a better understanding of the domestication process of cultivated barley in China.

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