The importance of forest type, tree species and wood posture to saproxylic wasp (Hymenoptera) communities in the southeastern United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Ulyshen ◽  
Thomas M. Pucci ◽  
James L. Hanula
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Southeastern United States

scholarly journals Early indications of drought impacts on forests in the southeastern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Crosby ◽  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Martin A. Spetich ◽  
Theodor D. Leininger ◽  
Xingang Fan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Crown Dieback

In the southeastern United States, drought can pose a significant threat to forests by reducing the amount of available water, thereby stressing trees. Destructive changes in crown conditions provide the first visible indication of a problem in a forested area, making it a useful indicator for problems within an ecosystem. Forest Health and Monitoring (FHM) and Palmer's Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data from 11 states in the southeastern United States were obtained in an effort to determine the role that drought, forest type, and ecoregion have in indicating differences in crown dieback. Analyses were conducted by species groups using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. The greatest amount of total relative crown dieback occurred in red oak (18%), followed by other hardwoods (14%), and white oak (11%). Relative crown dieback varied by forest type and ecoregion with a relationship to drought in both red oak and white oak. This information will be useful for focusing future research and modeling efforts to predict forest health conditions affected by changing climate variables.

scholarly journals Potential Alternative Tree Species as Substrates for Forest Farming of Log-grown Shiitake Mushrooms in the Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Frey ◽  
Tarik Durmus ◽  
Erin O. Sills ◽  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Marcus M. Comer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Shiitake Mushrooms ◽  
Potential Alternative

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom-producing fungus. “Natural log-grown” shiitake mushrooms are favored by consumers and are often produced by small farmers and hobbyists in the United States. The tree species most often recommended as a substrate for shiitake is white oak (Quercus alba), which has many other economic uses. We tested two strains of shiitake in log substrates of three common, low-value tree species in the southeastern United States to identify potential alternatives to white oak. We found that sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) was a good substitute for white oak, both in terms of mushroom production and financial returns. Red maple (Acer rubrum) had less potential, with lower production and marginal financial returns, and ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima) was not a suitable alternative substrate. Of the two shiitake strains tested, a commercially available strain performed better than a naturalized strain that was isolated from an uninoculated log. Further research is needed to identify other potential alternative substrates and production techniques in the southeastern United States and other regions.

scholarly journals The Laccate Ganoderma of the Southeastern United States: A Cosmopolitan and Important Genus of Wood Decay Fungi

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Loyd ◽  
Jason A. Smith ◽  
Brantlee S. Richter ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
Matthew E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Ganoderma Karst. is a large and diverse genus of wood decay fungi that can rot the roots and/or lower trunk of many tree species. There are several laccate (varnished or polished) Ganoderma species that are found in the southeastern United States and this six-page fact sheet provides an overview of the different species. Written by Andrew L. Loyd, Jason A. Smith, Brantlee S. Richter, Robert A. Blanchette, and Matthew E. Smith and published by the Plant Pathology Department.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp333

Assessment of Disturbances across Forest Inventory Plots in the Southeastern United States for the Period 1995–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K Ojha ◽  
Kozma Naka ◽  
Luben D Dimov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Structure And Functions

Abstract Disturbances of varying frequency and intensity shape the species composition, stand structure, and functions of forests. This study assessed the frequency and distribution of disturbances caused by eight agents (insects, diseases, fire, animals, weather, other vegetation, human, and unknown) in the forests of the southeastern United States from 1995 to 2018. We used data from 88,722 inventory measurements of 33,531 plots from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis database to assess disturbance among different forest types and to different canopy strata. Disturbances were detected in approximately 14 percent of the plots, located mostly in pine-dominated forest types. Fire was the most frequent disturbance agent (occurring 6 percent of the time), followed by weather and animal agents. The agents that caused the highest mortality rate during the period for saplings were silvicultural treatments (8.6 percent), other vegetation (5.6 percent), and fire (4.4 percent), whereas for trees they were silvicultural treatments (9.8 percent), weather (1.9 percent) and insects (1.7 percent). The forest type that appeared to have been most affected by disturbances was longleaf–slash pine of the Coastal Plain. These results are useful for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of disturbance events in different southeastern forest types and locations and for guiding forest management activities to mitigate potential impacts.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Peninsula Effect Using the Latitudinal Abundance Pattern for Tree Species in Florida

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsang Kwon ◽  
Lian Feng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
Hof Model

The peninsula effect is a biological diversity pattern found in peninsulas in which the number of species decreases toward the tip of the peninsula. The geometry hypothesis, as one proposed cause of the peninsula effect, attempts to predict this pattern by examining the peculiarities of peninsular geometry. As peninsulas are characterized by their isolated positions, it has been suggested that a decreased immigration-to-extinction rate is the cause of the decrease in species diversity from the base to the tip of a peninsula. We aimed to test the geometry hypothesis on tree species in the Florida peninsula by modeling the latitudinal abundance pattern using sample-based tree inventory data. We postulated that the current abundance distribution of a species is a ramification of past immigration–extinction dynamics in a peninsula, as well as an important indicator of such dynamics in the future. The latitudinal abundance patterns of 113 tree species in Florida in the southeastern United States were simulated with the Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) model using the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database. Evidence species for the geometry hypothesis were then selected if the simulated latitudinal abundance pattern was asymmetric with its abundance maxima occurring within the Florida peninsula (i.e., approximately 31.5° latitude or lower). Our HOF model results found that most species (87% of 113 species) did not experience any steep abundance decline along the Florida peninsula when compared with their general trend across the range, suggesting that the observed diversity pattern of tree species in Florida could merely be a continuation of latitudinal diversity gradients in the southeastern United States, independent of peninsular geometry.

scholarly journals Hurricanes and the Urban Forest: I. Effects on Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Tree Species

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Mary Duryea ◽  
Eliana Kampf ◽  
Ramon Littell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Wind Resistance ◽  
Live Oak

Several hurricanes struck Florida, U.S. in 2004 and 2005 causing widespread damage to urban and rural areas. We measured the impacts of five of these hurricanes on the urban forest and combined these results with four other hurricanes to present an assessment of wind resistance for southeastern United States coastal plain tree species. Urban forest loss was positively correlated with wind speed. Tree species demonstrating the highest survival in winds were sand live oak (Quercus geminata), American holly (Ilex opaca), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), live oak (Quercus virginiana), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), dogwood (Cornus florida), and sabal palm (Sabal palmetto). In a statistical comparison of sand live oak, live oak, and laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) survival after four panhandle hurricanes, laurel oak had significantly poorer survival than both live oak and sand live oak. Among all species, larger trees lost more branches than medium and smaller trees. Leaf loss had a positive relationship with survival; losing leaves during the hurricane meant higher survival. Trees growing in groups or clusters had greater survival than those growing as individual trees. Tree species with higher wood density had greater survival. Tree species categorized as having dense crowns lost more branches than those with moderate and open crowns; however, contrary to the literature, dense-crowned species survived best. A survey of arborists, scientists, and urban foresters ranked species for their wind resistance. Using our results from hurricane measurements and incorporating results from the survey and the scientific literature, we have developed lists of relative wind resistance for tree species in the southeastern coastal plain. These lists should be used with caution with the knowledge that no species and no tree is completely windproof. In addition, local considerations such as soil, cultural practices, tree age and health, and other urban forest conditions need to be taken into account.

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